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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIMULATION AND MAPPING OF SOIL-WATER CONDITIONS IN THE GREAT PLAINS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 29 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951–1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon starvation on p-nitrophenol degradation by a Moraxella strain in buffer and river water (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 51 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study examines the effect of carbon starvation on the ability of a Moraxella sp. strain to degrade p-nitrophenol (PNP). Carbon starvation for 24 h decreased the induction time for p-nitrophenol degradation by the bacterium in a minimal salt medium from 6 to 1 h but it did not completely eliminate the induction time. Moraxella cells with 2-day carbon starvation had an induction time of 3 h and the induction time of the 3-day starved cells was 6 h. A 100% increase in density of the non-starved cells did not affect the induction time for p-nitrophenol degradation by the bacterium, indicating that the initial increase in cell density of the carbon-starved culture did not cause the faster onset of p-nitrophenol degradation. However, the initial uptake of p-nitrophenol of the 1-day carbon-starved Moraxella cells was 3-fold higher than the non-starved cells. A green fluorescent protein gene (gfp)-labelled Moraxella (M6 strain) was constructed to examine the survival of and p-nitrophenol degradation by the bacterium in non-sterile river water samples. Similar p-nitrophenol degradation behaviour was observed in the river water samples inoculated with the M6 cells. The time needed for complete degradation of p-nitrophenol by the non-starved M6 was 19–27 and 33 h in samples spiked with 80, 200 and 360 μM p-nitrophenol, respectively. However, the 1-day carbon-starved inocula required about 16 h to degrade the p-nitrophenol completely regardless of its concentration in the water samples. Survival of the carbon-starved and non-starved M6 was not significantly different from each other in the river water regardless of the p-nitrophenol concentration. In the absence of p-nitrophenol, the inoculum density decreased continuously. At 200 and 360 μM p-nitrophenol, the cell densities of M6 increased in the first two days of incubation and declined steadily afterward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.08.007
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and survival of alginate-encapsulated and free lux-lac marked Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2Lr cells in soil (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 26 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transport and survival of alginate-encapsulated and unencapsulated Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2Lr through soil microcosms was examined. Bacterial cells encapsulated in alginate beads or mixed with soil were introduced into soil microcosms. Microbial cell survival and cell transport were monitored by destructive sampling and selective plating of the microcosms over a 9-week period. Survival rates were greatest when using encapsulated P. aeruginosa UG2Lr cells. Water flow increased microbial cell dispersal from the site of inoculation. After 3 weeks, encapsulated and free cells showed similar distribution patterns. However, after 9 weeks microbial cell distribution was more extensive throughout the soil in the encapsulated treatments under all conditions. Therefore, alginate encapsulation is a suitable method to enhance survival and distribution of microbial inocula in the soil environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb01561.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green fluorescent protein as a visual marker in a p-nitrophenol degrading Moraxella sp. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 164 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was introduced into a p-nitrophenol-metabolizing strain of Moraxella sp. by chromosomal integration. The gfp-marked transformants, designated Moraxella sp. strains G21 and G25, exhibited green fluorescence under UV light. Molecular characterization by PCR and Southern hybridization showed the presence of gfp in both transformants. Both transformants and the parent strain degraded 720 μM of p-nitrophenol with nitrite release within 4 h after inoculation in minimal medium supplemented with yeast extract. Transformants degraded up to 1440 μM p-nitrophenol and mineralized about 60% of 720 μM p-nitrophenol, both in broth and in soil, to the same extent as the parent strain. Insertion of gfp did not adversely affect the expression of p-nitrophenol-degrading genes in the transformants. Survival studies indicated that individual green fluorescent colonies of transformants can be detected up to 2 weeks after inoculation in soil. These marked strains could be of value in studies on microbial survival in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13084.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization of p-nitrophenol by pentachlorophenol-degrading Sphingomonas spp. (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 155 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pentachlorophenol-degrading Sphingomonas sp. UG30 and Sphingomonas chlorophenolica strains RA2 and ATCC 39723 can transform p-nitrophenol in either mineral salts-glutamate or mineral salts-glucose medium after an initial lag period. However, mineralization of p-nitrophenol by these bacterial strains was observed only in mineral salts-glucose medium. When p-nitrophenol was the sole nitrogen source in the growth medium, UG30 mineralized 32% of 140 mM [14C]p-nitrophenol which was 10% higher than the amount of [14C]p-nitrophenol mineralized in mineral salts-glucose medium. UG30 did not transform or mineralize p-nitrophenol (in a growth medium) in the absence of glucose or glutamate. All three strains released nitrite during p-nitrophenol degradation in mineral salts-glucose medium and mineral salts-glutamate medium. The transformation rate of p-nitrophenol by UG30 was dependent on the initial p-nitrophenol concentration, with the optimal rate being found at 310 μM of p-nitrophenol and inhibition observed at ≥1100 μM of p-nitrophenol. Pre-exposure of UG30 cells to p-nitrophenol eliminated the initial lag phase of p-nitrophenol transformation. However, pre-growth of UG30 cells on pentachlorophenol did not reduce the lag period for p-nitrophenol transformation. Both p-nitrophenol- and pentachlorophenol-induced UG30 cells degraded pentachlorophenol without any lag phase. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixture suggested 4-nitrocatechol was an intermediate of p-nitrophenol transformation by UG30.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12693.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase encoded by the ACS1 gene, but not the ACS2-encoded enzyme, is subject to glucose catabolite inactivation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 153 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the structural genes ACS1 and ACS2 each encode an isoenzyme of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS; EC 6.2.1.1). Involvement of glucose catabolite repression in regulation of the two isoenzymes was investigated by following ACS activity after glucose pulses (100 mM) to ethanol-limited chemostat cultures. In wild-type S. cerevisiae and in an isogenic strain in which ACS2 had been disrupted, ACS activity decreased after a glucose pulse. No such inactivation was observed in a strain in which ACS1 was disrupted. Western blots demonstrated that the ACS1 product, but not the ACS2 product, was degraded after a glucose pulse. Inactivation kinetics of the ACS1 product resembled those of isocitrate lyase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10466.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired growth on glucose of a pyruvate dehydrogenase-negative mutant of Kluyveromyces lactis is due to a limitation in mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A uptake (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 177 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A Kluyveromyces lactis mutant with a disruption in the KlPDA1 gene, encoding the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, exhibited a four-fold reduced specific growth rate on glucose in minimal medium. Growth of the Klpda1 mutant on glucose in complex medium was not affected. Its growth on defined media could be restored by adding amino acids that require mitochondrial acetyl-CoA for their biosynthesis as nitrogen sources. This, together with the observation that low concentrations of l-carnitine also restored growth on glucose, indicates that the slow-growth phenotype of the Klpda1 mutant is due to a limited capacity of the mitochondria for import of cytosolic acetyl-CoA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13708.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth requirements of pyruvate-decarboxylase-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 174 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pyruvate-decarboxylase (Pdc)-negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported to grow in batch cultures on glucose-containing complex media, but not on defined glucose-containing media. By a combination of batch and chemostat experiments it is demonstrated that even in complex media, Pdc−S. cerevisiae does not exhibit prolonged growth on glucose. Pdc− strains do grow in carbon-limited cultures on defined media containing glucose-acetate mixtures. The acetate requirement for glucose-limited growth, estimated experimentally by continuously decreasing the acetate feed to chemostat cultures, matched the theoretical acetyl-CoA requirement for lipid and lysine synthesis, consistent with the proposed role of pyruvate decarboxylase in the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13551.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    By-product formation during exposure of respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures to excess glucose is not caused by a limited capacity of pyruvate carboxylase (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 179 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Upon exposure to excess glucose, respiring cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae produce substantial amounts of ethanol and acetate. A possible role of a limited anaplerotic capacity in this process was investigated by overexpressing pyruvate carboxylase and by replacing it with a heterologous enzyme (Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase). Compared to the wild-type, neither the pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc)-overexpressing nor the transgenic strain exhibited reduced by-product formation after glucose pulses to aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures. An increased intracellular malate concentration was observed in the two engineered strains. It is concluded that by-product formation in S. cerevisiae is not caused by a limited anaplerotic capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08715.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From self-assembly of life to present-day bacteria: a possible role for nanocells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 25 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A proposed sequence of major events for the self-assembly of life on Earth is examined. This sequence starts with a construction kit of elements and simple compounds from which a primitive membrane and then a nanocell with a minimal genome is self-assembled. The genome and cell increase in size and complexity and become capable of cell division, similar to present-day bacteria. Another factor to understanding this self-assembly of life is identifying the energy source(s) the first self-assembling nanocells were capable of using. This will also be examined from an evolutionary perspective with hydrogen as the postulated universal energy source [Morita, R. (2000) Microb. Ecol. 38, 307–320].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00592.x
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