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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 29 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Thousands of leaking underground gasoline tanks have been found throughout California from which a tremendous amount of gasoline has leaked into ground water over the last half century. The most water-soluble constituent of gasoline is benzene, and it typically contaminates ground water below leaking underground tanks. In a state-mandated program 7,167 wells serving water-supply systems throughout California were tested for a broad panel of organic contaminants. Of the wells tested, 812 (11.3%) had detectable concentrations of at least one of the contaminants tested for. Detectable concentrations of benzene were reported for only 10 wells. Similar findings were reported in surveys focused on San Gabriel and San Fernando Basins. While many processes influence the environmental fates of organic contaminants in ground water, the most likely explanation for the nonoccurrence of benzene is that it is destroyed near its source by biodegradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Contaminated soil at depth can pose a threat to public health upon excavation. Following the excavation of contaminated soils, toxicants which once resided at depth become available for exposure due to direct contact. A scenario is developed that describes the excavation and redistribution of soil to the surface. Based on typical excavations occurring in a residential setting in California, soil to a depth of 10 feet is considered available for future exposure due to direct contact. The capabilities of various earthmoving equipment were employed to establish that the average toxicant level in 12 cubic yards of soil is the appropriate measure for evaluating contaminated soil at depth. This allows the evaluation of future risk to public health due to direct contact exposures following the excavation of contaminated soils at depth.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉SUMMARYDirect contact exposures can result if soil contamination initially at depth is excavated and distributed to the soil surface. The evaluation of future exposure to soil at depth due to direct contact should be a component of many hazardous waste site investigations.A scenario that accounts for the excavation and redistribution of soil at depth has been established. The manner in which soil would be handled by earthmoving equipment typically employed for residential construction activities, established 12 yd3 of soil as a reasonable and appropriately conservative minimum amount of soil to be placed uniformly over a 1000 ft2 area. In California, 10 ft is the maximum depth to which soil on a residential property is likely to be excavated.In the absence of overriding site-specific considerations, the appropriate sampling objective for evaluating future direct contact exposures to soil contamination initially at depth is to determine average levels of toxicants in subsurface soils within 10 ft of the existing ground surface. Results of such sampling are amenable to interpretation as described in the California Site Mitigation Decision Tree(1) to determine if contamination initially at depth could present a future risk to public health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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