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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional regulation of the Trichoderma longibrachiatum egl1 gene (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 122 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription of the Trichoderma longibrachiatum egl1 gene is induced in the presence of lactose and β-methylglucoside and repressed by glucose. A DNA fragment containing 722 bp upstream of the ATG codon has been sequenced. The gene has two major transcription start points (20 and 24 nucleotides upstream from the ATG codon) and several transcription termination points (located in a region around 130 nt downstream of the stop codon). Two 6-mer sequences (5′-CTGGAG-3′) separated by 16 bp are present in the egl1 gene promoter. These sequences match the Aspergillus nidulans consensus CreA binding site and might be implicated in carbon catabolite repression of egl1 transcription.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07184.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus species belonging to section Nigri by PCR assays (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 245 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aspergillus species included in section Nigri are common in plant products and processed food, such as grapes, cereals, coffee and derivatives, particularly in warm and tropical climates. Two of these species, A. carbonarius and A. niger, are known to produce ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent nephrotoxin and carcinogenic to human (group 2B). Recognition of the several species of this section is difficult and requires considerable expertise using conventional methods based on morphological features. In this work we describe rapid, sensitive and robust assays based on the PCR technique to discriminate the main species included in section Nigri: A. japonicus, A. heteromorphus, A. ellipticus and the two morphologically indistinguishable species of the A. niger aggregate: A. niger and A. tubingensis. The species-specific primers have been designed on the basis of ITS (internal transcribed spacers of rDNA units) sequence comparisons obtained from several Aspergillus strains and have been tested in a number of strains from different origins and hosts. These PCR assays, based on multi-copy sequences, are highly sensitive and specific and represent a good tool for an early detection of OTA-producing Aspergillus species in order to prevent OTA from entering the food chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified xylE and xylTE reporter genes for use in Streptomyces: analysis of the effect of xylT (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 196 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The reporter gene xylE (encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) has been modified for a more rational use in Streptomyces. Two reporter fragments, one containing xylE, and the other containing also the upstream gene xylT (which encodes a soluble ferredoxin), have been constructed to allow precise fusion of regulatory regions to the reporter genes. Identical fusions of these xylE and xylTE reporter fragments to the Streptomyces dagA and tipA promoters, in low and high copy number plasmids, show that the levels of xylE mRNA and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities are significantly higher when xylT is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10569.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF THE HEATING MEDIUM pH ON HEAT RESISTANCE OF BACILLUS CEREUS SPORES (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 18 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the pH of the heating medium (which included several foods and buffers) on the thermal resistance (D and z-values) of spores of three Bacillus cereus strains was studied. Acidification from pH 7.0 to 4.0 produced a 5-fold decrease in D-values. Plots of log D vs pH gave straight lines, which made it possible to develop an equation to approximately predict the changes in heat sensitivity of B. cereus spores which occurred with changing pH. z-Values for two of the strains studied were not affected by acidification. On the other hand, with the strain ATCC 9818, a clear and statistically significant increase in z-value was observed as the pH decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00199.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THERMAL RESISTANCE OF BACILLUS CEREUS SPORES AS AFFECTED BY ADDITIVES IN THE RECOVERY MEDIUM (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 17 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of the addition of starch, glucose, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate and disodium phosphate to the recovery medium on apparent heat resistance of Bacillus cereus spores (ATCC 4342, 7004 and 9818) were investigated. Sodium citrate, monopotassium and disodium phosphate at concentrations of 0.1% were effective inhibitory agents for heat injured B. cereus spores especially for strain 9818, although only monopotassium and disodium phosphate caused a significant reduction (p 〈 0.05) in D-values obtained for strain 9818. Sodium chloride also had a marked effect on the recovery of heat injured spores. Concentration as low as 0.5% caused a significant reduction in the recovery rates for strains 9818 and 7004. In all cases, increasing the salt levels from 0.5 to 4% resulted in a progressive decrease in spore recovery. D-values gradually decreased as the salt content increased, although the concentrations which produced statistically significant differences (p 〈 0.05) varied among strains. The addition of starch at 0.1% resulted in a significant increase in the counts for strains 9818 and 7004. In contrast, glucose (0.1%), did not significantly modify the counts obtained Neither of these compounds affected decimal reduction times. No statistical significance (p〉0.05) differences were detected among z-values for the spores of the three strains recovered in the presence of different additives assayed. z-Values ranged from 6.67 to 8.32, with a mean value of 7.56 ± 0.46C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1997.tb00171.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-course of the phosphinothricin effect on gas exchange and nitrate reduction in Medicago sativa (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 89 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The long-time effect of phosphinothricin (PPT) on gas exchange and nitrate metabolism in intact plants of lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Aragón) was investigated. Photosynthetic CO2 uptake, stomatal conductance, and transpiration were measured with an Infra-Red Gas Analyzer (IRGA). Under photorespiratory conditions, CO2 uptake continuously decreased after PPT treatment. The decrease of photosynthesis led to an increase in the internal CO2 concentration, which in turn caused stomatal closure and a reduction of transpiration rate. Nitrate reduction from plants sprayed with PPT was assayed both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo nitrate reductase was measured with and without nitrate in the infiltration medium. Both types of nitrate reductase assays indicated that the enzyme was inhibited in plants treated with PPT; however, the enzyme appeared more affected when the in vivo assay was used than when the one in vitro was applied. The nitrate reduction was pronouncedly affected after 24 h of PPT treatment, when glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2.) activity and gas exchange were inhibited by more than 60%. The data suggest that the inhibition of GS leads to inhibition of photosynthesis, which, in turn, means lack of NADPH and nitrate, the substrates for nitrate reductase. The inhibition of GS also leads to a high ammonia level, which will produce a secondary inhibition of nitrate reductase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05295.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    III NEW FORMS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION IN MEXICO. (1939)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of public and cooperative economics 15 (1939), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8292
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1939.tb00569.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenylate energy charge during the life cycle of Myxococcus coralloides D (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 58 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The adenylate energy charge of cells of Myoococcus coralloides D has been measured during the different stages of its life cycle. The energy charge of the vegetative cells (0.8) did not change significantly either during glycerol-induced myxospore formation, or during germination of these myxospores. Fruiting body myxospores had a relatively high energy charge (0.65). The adenylate energy charge decreased slightly (from 0.82 to 0.65) throughout fruiting body development and returned to values of vegetative cells in the early hours of germination of fruiting body myxospores. The levels of adenine nucleotide in myxospores in desiccation conditions were similar to those before desiccation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03011.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of inhibition of mannose-resistant haemagglutination caused by CFA/I, CFA/II, K88 and K99-positive Escherichia coli strains (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 29 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the inhibition of mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) caused by Escherichia coli strains with CFA/I, CFA/II, K88, K99 and by other faecal E. coli lacking these colonisation antigens, by means of 30 sugar compounds and by enzymatic treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase, α-mannosidase, β-galactosidase, trypsin and pronase, and with formaldehyde. Inhibition of MRHA by sugars was effective only in K88-positive strains with d(+)glucosamine, mucic acid and bovine submaxillary mucin. Enzymatic treatment and the formolisation of erythrocytes gave different results on MRHA activity in strains possessing each colonisation antigen type. Results suggest that the erythrocyte receptor for CFA/I and CFA/II may possibly be sialoglycoprotein in which N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) plays an important role, because MRHA activity in these strains was inhibited by treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase and pronase. On the other hand, erythrocyte receptors for K88 and K99, like receptors for haemagglutinins of faecal E. coli lacking these colonization antigens, may have other glycoconjugate structures in which proteins and NANA are not essential. Our observations also suggest that the nature (or structure) of the receptor for a specific colonisation antigen on diverse erythrocyte types may be different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00845.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiated biological activity of Vero cytotoxins (VT) released by human and porcine Escherichia coli strains (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 20 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the biological activity in the filtered culture supernatants from 9 VT-producing Escherichia coli strains. The filtrates from 4 strains (3 of human and one of bovine origin), were cytotoxic on Vero and HeLa cells, and caused death in intraperitoneally injected adult mice. The 5 strains of porcine origin showed cytotoxic activity on Vero and Y-1 cells but not on HeLa cells. Filtrates of these latter strains were not lethal for adult mice. VT-cytotoxins produced by all strains were inactive in the infant mouse test and the filtrates from 7 of 8 VT-producing strains assayed in rabbit ileal loops caused fluid accumulation in at least one of the 3 rabbits employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00110.x
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