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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The anthocyanin pigments responsible for the violet color of the tropical tuber Dioscorea tryphida was investigated. The pigments were extracted with 0.1% HCI in methanol, purified with Dowex 50W × 4 cation exchange resin in the hydrogen form and further purified by paper chromatography. The identification of the pigments was based on Rf values in different solvents, partial acid hydrolysis, sugar moiety, alkaline degradation, fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation, color reactions and absorption spectra in the visisble and ultraviolet regions. The pigments were identified as follow: peonidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside and malvidin 3,5-diglucoside-ferulic acid.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight field experiments (I-VIII) were conducted in clay soils naturally infested with a cotton-defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae in the lower Guadalquivir Valley of Andalucia, southern Spain, during the period 1986-90. Experiments I-VI aimed to determine the efficacy of soil solarization in reducing populations of the pathogen in soil and eventually contributing to the control of Verticillium wilt of cotton. The population of V. dahliae in the 0-to 40-cm soil layer was reduced to undetectable or very low levels after solarization for 6 to 10 weeks. The final incidence of Verticillium wilt in the cotton crop following solarization was reduced to 13% or less in solarized plots, compared to 55–90·5% in unsolarized controls. The onset of disease incidence in the solarized plots was delayed by 2–7 weeks, increased at a lower rate, and had a smaller area under the disease progress curve, compared to that in unsolarized plots. Seed cotton yields in solarized plots increased by 11·3-130·9% depending upon experiments, cultivars and years. Experiments VII and VIII aimed to determine the use of the highly wilt-tolerant cotton cv. Acala GC 510 for control of the disease that had been cropped to susceptible cotton cultivars the year before in solarized soils. Solarized or unsolarized plots were first sown to susceptible cotton cvs Acala SJ2 and Coker 310, and the following year were sown to cv. Acala GC 510. The inoculum density of V. dahliae at the time of sowing cv. Acala GC 510 in previously solarized plots had increased to moderate levels, but remained considerably lower than that in unsolarized plots. The final disease incidence in cv. Acala GC 510 grown in unsolarized plots was lower than that in susceptible cultivars grown in the same plots the year before. Furthermore, the disease incidence in cv. Acala GC 510 grown in solarized plots was as high as that in susceptible cultivars grown the year before with much less initial inoculum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of pre-planting solarization or fumigation with metham-sodium of sand-mulched soil on fusarium wilt of watermelon in plastic house culture were investigated at Almeria, south-eastern Spain. In two trials, 2 months' solarization increased the average maximum soil temperature by c. 5°C to 44-48° C at 10 cm depth and by 4-5° C to 40-42° C at 20-30 cm. The amount of Fusarium oxysporum in the upper 15 cm of a naturally infested soil was reduced by solarization and by fumigation. During the 9 months following treatment, the F. oxysporum population stabilized at a low level in soil solarized for 2 months, but fluctuated in soil solarized for 1 month and increased in fumigated soil. The amount of wilt in watermelon sown into this soil after treatment was generally low; plants growing in solarized or fumigated soil suffered less wilt than plants in untreated soil but the differences were not significant. In a soil artificially infested with the highly pathogenic race 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum populations were greatly reduced following solarization or fumigation, and fluctuated erratically thereafter. Solarization for 2 months completely controlled wilt in watermelon and gave a fruit yield almost five times that of plants in untreated soil. Solarization for 1 month only slowed disease development slightly but gave a yield more than twice that in untreated soil. Fumigation with metham-sodium retarded disease development considerably and tripled fruit yield. Plant performance was significantly better in soil solarized for 2 months than in uninfested control soil, suggesting beneficial effects of this treatment additional to wilt control.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pratylenchus thornei-chickpea interactions were investigated under controlled and fluctuating environmental conditions in the growth chamber, greenhouse and shadehouse. Under controlled conditions, P. thornei infected chickpea lines 12071/10054 and P2245 and cultivars Andoum 1, JG62 and UC27. Line P 2245 and cv. JG 62 were the most susceptible genotypes on the basis of root damage and nematode reproduction, but nematode infection did not significantly reduce root and shoot weights. Cultivars Andoum 1 and UC27 and line 12071/10054 showed the least root damage and nematode reproduction. Inoculation of cv. Andoum 1 with 2500, 5000 or 10000 nematodes per plant in pots did not affect shoot weight, regardless of the conditions of water stress of the plants. However, root weight was significantly reduced by nematode infection in plants grown under water stress and fluctuating temperature conditions in the greenhouse, but was not affected by any other treatment. The nematode reproduction index was not affected by soil water content under shadehouse conditions, but was greater on plants watered to soil water-holding capacity than in water-stressed plants under greenhouse conditions. For both environments, the nematode reproduction index decreased when inoculum density was greater than 5000 nematodes per plant.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Didymella rabiei grew saprophytically on pieces of infested chickpea stems and pods, and formed pycnidia and pseudothecia. The extent of saprophytic growth and production of viable spores were determined by the incubation conditions. On debris left on the soil surface under natural conditions, the fungus rapidly colonized the tissues, formed abundant pseudothecia and pycnidia, and remained viable throughout the 2 years of the study. When plant debris was buried, D, rabiei was restricted to the original lesions, in which it formed new pycnidia and was viable for 2 to 5 months. Under controlled conditions in the laboratory, D. rabiei extensively colonized plant debris spread over the soil surface. On the other hand, the fungus did not grow on buried debris, or showed only very limited development when the artificially infested debris was buried between two layers of sterilized soil. Incubation temperature was the principal factor associated with the production of conidia and especially ascospores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 37 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The phenology of Verticillium albo-atrum (Vaa) sporulation on infected tissues and the presence of Vaa in the air were investigated in alfalfa fields affected by verticillium wilt (VW) during the 1983/84 growing season. Few and scattered Verticillium conidiophores developed on stubble by the end of May, but abundant Verticillium sporulation was found on necrotic leaflets and petioles by the beginning of June at the first appearance of symptoms. Abundant conidiophores developed also on necrotic stems and leaf tissues sampled later. Sporulation was never found on entirely green stems. Concentration of airborne colony-forming units (cfu) of Vaa ranged from 0.0 to 15.3 cfu/m3 above fields with a VW incidence of 2.2-33.0% in June and August, and from 5.9-25.9 cfu/m3 during mowing of the crop in August. The ratio of Vaa to other airborne fungi above sampled fields was less than 5 x 10-3, Airborne fungi were even more abundant at the time of mowing. Our results suggest that airborne V. albo-atrum may not play an important role in the epidemiology of VW of alfalfa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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