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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Navel oranges from two locations in California were given low postharvest doses of gamma radiation (60 - 80 Krads) and compared with nonirradiated controls for taste, flavor, odor, firmness, degree of orange color, degree of brown blemishing, ease of peeling and intactness of the membranes on sectioning. Practiced judges were used as an analytical screening tool using minimal cross-sensory interference, while untrained subjects were used to determine whether changes might be distinguished by‘nonexperts’. Greatest differences were found for degree of blemishing, lesser differences for flavor by mouth and odor and some trends for taste, color, texture and ease of peeling.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 6 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Due to fluctuations in water turbidity, river depth and total reflection from one river section to another, plant production is poorly correlated to solar radiation incident on the water surface. A relationship was observed between daily relative photosynthesis and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) at the plant depth for Cladophora, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0·73. Therefore, the effect of low light levels can be compensated for when evaluating nutrient-growth relationships for Cladophora in the field.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A vein-yellowing disease of Ageratum conyzoides in Singapore was shown to be caused by a geminivirus, here named ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV), which was transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci but not by inoculation with sap or through seed. AYVV particles (30 × 20 nm) are serologically related to those of other whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, and reacted with some monoclonal antibodies elicited by particles of African cassava mosaic or Indian cassava mosaic geminiviruses. However, the epitope profile of AYVV differed from the profiles of these viruses, and from those of geminiviruses from vein yellowing-affected A. conyzoides from India and from yellow leaf curl-affected tomato from either Singapore or India. The results provide further evidence of antigenic differences among geminiviruses that cause similar diseases in the same plant species in different geographical regions.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: In this paper, we introduce the notion of interval structures in an attempt to establish a unified framework for representing uncertain information. Two views are suggested for the interpretation of an interval structure. A typical example using the compatibility view is the rough set model in which the lower and upper approximations form an interval structure. Incidence calculus adopts the allocation view in which an interval structure is defined by the tightest lower and upper incidence bounds. The relationship between interval structures and interval-based numeric belief and plausibility functions is also examined. As an application of the proposed model, an algorithm is developed for computing the tightest incidence bounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: We apply rough set constructs to inductive learning from a database. A design guideline is suggested, which provides users the option to choose appropriate attributes, for the construction of data classification rules. Error probabilities for the resultant rule are derived. A classification rule can be further generalized using concept hierarchies. The condition for preventing overgeneralization is derived. Moreover, given a constraint, an algorithm for generating a rule with minimal error probability is proposed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We determined the proximate chemical composition as well as the construction costs of leaves of 27 species, grown at ambient and at a twice-ambient partial pressure of atmospheric CO2. These species comprised wild and agricultural herbaceous plants as well as tree seedlings. Both average responses across species and the range in response were considered. Expressed on a total dry weight basis, the main change in chemical composition due to CO2 was the accumulation of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). To a lesser extent, decreases were found for organic N compounds and minerals. Hardly any change was observed for total structural carbohydrates (cellulose plus hemicellulose), lignin and lipids. When expressed on a TNC-free basis, decreases in organic N compounds and minerals were still present. On this basis, there was also an increase in the concentration of soluble phenolics.In terms of glucose required for biosynthesis, the increase in costs for one chemical compound – TNC – was balanced by a decrease in the costs for organic N compounds. Therefore, the construction costs, the total amount of glucose required to produce 1 g of leaf, were rather similar for the two CO2 treatments; on average a small decrease of 3% was found. This decrease was attributable to a decrease of up to 30% in the growth respiration coefficient, the total CO2 respired [mainly for N AD(P)H and ATP] in the process of constructing 1 g of biomass. The main reasons for this reduction were the decrease in organic N compounds and the increase in TNC.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We observed that stomata of Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max and Xanthium strumarium respond to a change in vapour pressure difference between leaf and air at ambient partial pressures of CO2 and below the CO2 compensation point. Our report is at variance with a recent report (J. A. Bunce 1997, Plant, Cell and Environment 20, pp. 131–135) that stomatal sensitivity of leaves to a change in vapour pressure difference between leaf and air was eliminated when gas exchange measurements were made at near-zero carbon dioxide partial pressures (0–5 Pa).
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A simple ‘big leaf’ ecosystem gas exchange model was developed, using eddy covariance data collected at an undisturbed tropical rainforest in south-western Amazonia (Brazil). The model used mechanistic equations of canopy biochemistry combined with an empirical stomatal model describing responses to light, temperature and humidity. After calibration, the model was driven using hourly data from a weather station at the top of the tower at the measurement site, yielding an estimate of gross primary productivity (annual photosynthesis) in 1992/1993 of about 200 mol C m−2 year −. Although incoming photon flux density emerged as the major control on photosynthesis in this forest, at a given PAR CO2 assimilation rates were higher in the mornings than in the afternoons. This was attributable to stomatal closure in the afternoon in response to increasing canopy-to-air vapour pressure differences. Although most morning gas exchange was clearly limited by the rate of electron transport, afternoon gas exchange was generally observed to be very nearly co-limited by both Rubisco activity (Vmax) and electron transport rate. The sensitivity of the model to changes in nitrogen allocation showed that the modelled ratio of Vmax to electron transport (Jmax) served nearly to maximize the annual carbon gain, and indeed, would have resulted in almost maximum annual carbon gain at the pre-industrial revolution atmospheric CO2 concentration of 27 Pa. Modelled gross primary productivity (GPP) was somewhat lower at 27 Pa, being about 160 mol C m−2 year−1. The model suggests that, in the absence of any negative feedbacks on GPP, future higher concentrations of atmospheric CO2 will continue to increase the GPP of this rainforest, up to about 230 mol C m−2 year−1 at 70 Pa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 60 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Acidity fluctuation, CO2 gas exchange, δ13C value, PEP carboxylase and RuBP carboxylase activities in aerial roots of selected thick-leaved orchid hybrids (Arachnis and Aranthera) were studied. Both aerial roots and leaves showed acidity fluctuation over a 24 h period. Dark acidification in aerial roots was enhanced at low temperature (15°C). Aerial roots had δ13C values close to those of leaves which have been previously demonstrated to possess crassulacean acid metabolism. Variation in δ13C values along the length of the roots was observed; the root tip having a less negative δ13C value (—13.34%‰) than the older portions of the roots (—14.55%‰). There was no net CO2 fixation by aerial root, although 1432CO2 fixation was observed in light and in darkness. The pattern of fluctuation in activities of PEP carboxylase and RuBP carboxylase in aerial roots was similar to that obtained for the leaves. In both aerial roots and leaves, PEP carboxylase activity was several times higher than that of RuBP carboxylase.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 42 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Circadian rhythm of CO2 production was observed in some tropical orchid flowers. The tight bud showed relatively low respiration and no rhythmic changes. As soon as the flower opened, respiration increased and rhythmicity became apparent. The period for the rhythm was about 24 hours. Dark treatment and detachment dampened the amplitude of the rhythm without affecting the rhythmicity. In depollinated and pollinated flowers, the rhythmicity was less pronounced. Pollination and depollination appeared to stimulate respiration at the trough of the cycle. However, there was no significant difference in respiration per day between the untreated and treated flower. Both pollination and depollination hasten the senescence of orchid flowers.
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