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  • Articles  (45)
  • Springer  (41)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4)
  • 2000-2004  (28)
  • 1920-1924  (1)
  • 1905-1909  (16)
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  • Articles  (45)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclodextrin-Enhanced Solubilization of Organic Contaminants with Implications for Aquifer Remediation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Reagents that enhance the aqueous solubility of non-aqueous phase organic liquid (NAPL) contaminants are under investigation for use in enhanced subsurface remediation technologies. Cyclodextrin, a glucose-based molecule, is such a reagent. In this paper, laboratory experiments and numerical model simulations are used to evaluate and understand the potential remediation performance of cyclodextrin. Physical properties of cyclodextrin solutions such as density, viscosity, and NAPL-aqueous inter-facial tension are measured. Our analysis indicates that no serious obstacles exist related to fluid properties that would prevent the use of cyclodextrin solutions for subsurface NAPL remediation. Cyclodextrin-enhanced solubilization for a large suite of typical ground water contaminants is measured in the laboratory, and the results are related to the physicochemical properties of the organic compounds. The most-hydrophobic contaminants experience a larger relative solubility enhancement than the less-hydrophobic contaminants but have lower aqueous-phase apparent solubilities. Numerical model simulations of enhanced-solubilization flushing of NAPL-contaminated soil demonstrate that the more-hydrophilic compounds exhibit the greatest mass-removal rates due to their greater apparent solubilities, and thus are initially more effectively removed from soil by enhanced-solubilization-flushing reagents. However, the relatively more hydrophobic contaminants exhibit a greater improvement in contaminant mass-removal (compared with water flushing) than that exhibited for the relatively hydrophilic contaminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2000.tb00256.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resources, Knowledge and Influence: The Organizational Effects of Interorganizational Collaboration* (2003)
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Inter-organizational collaboration has been linked to a range of important outcomes for collaborating organizations. The strategy literature emphasizes the way in which collaboration between organizations results in the sharing of critical resources and facilitates knowledge transfer. The learning literature argues that collaboration not only transfers existing knowledge among organizations, but also facilitates the creation of new knowledge and produce synergistic solutions. Finally, research on networks and interorganizational politics suggests that collaboration can help organizations achieve a more central and influential position in relation to other organizations. While these effects have been identified and discussed at some length, little attention has been paid to the relationship between them and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative study that examines the relationship between the effects of interorganizational collaboration and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. Based on our study of the collaborative activities of a small, nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Palestine over a four-year period, we argue that two dimensions of collaboration – embeddedness and involvement – determine the potential of a collaboration to produce one or more of these effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00342
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RECOVERY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 FROM FIBER OPTIC WAVEGUIDES USED FOR RAPID BIOSENSOR DETECTION (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 10 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Consumption of ground beef has been implicated in the majority of outbreaks of disease from Escherichia coli O157:H7. There is a great need for rapid, sensitive, and specific microbial detection and isolation methods for the detection and recovery of pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7. Evanescent wave, fiber optic biosensors are an innovative, cutting-edge technology with the potential to meet such a need. Food pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7 can be detected in minutes using the biosensor assay rather than days using conventional methods. The biosensor assay is sensitive and presently has the ability to directly detect 102 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 in E. coli O157:H7-seeded PBS or ground beef. In this study, it was determined that once the pathogen had been positively identified, it could then be recovered by culturing the cells captured on the waveguide used in the biosensor assay. E. coli O157:H7-seeded PBS or ground beef samples were assayed using an evanescent wave, fiber optic biosensor. After a positive identification on the biosensor, the waveguide was added to modified LB medium supplemented with 10 μg/mL acriflavin (mLB) and incubated at 42C for a minimum of 4 h followed by selection on Rainbow O157 agar incubated 16 to 18 h at 37C. E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed using agglutination with E. coli O157:H7 antiserum. It was possible to recover E. coli O157:H7 colonies in E. coli O157:H7-seeded PBS or ground beef when 1 mL samples containing at least 2.0 × 103 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 had been injected into the biosensor. It took only 24 h to detect the target pathogen, recover the pathogen from the sample, and grow isolated colonies. This total time included sample preparation, detection, enrichment culture, and growth of cells to produce isolated colonies on a selective and differential medium. The identification of isolated colonies was then quickly confirmed using slide agglutination with the appropriate antiserum. This method significantly improved the speed of the confirmation of the presence of the pathogen and of the isolation of the pathogen, from 4 days using conventional methods to one day using the biosensor assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2002.tb00015.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRANSPORT AND FATE OF ATRAZINE IN MIDWESTERN RIPARIAN BUFFER STRIPS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The fate of pesticides entering the Riparian Buffer Strips (RBS) has not been well documented. This study compared the transport and fate of atrazine in soil of three-, five-, and nine-year-old switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) RBS to that in adjacent soils cropped to a corn-soybean rotation or a grass-alfalfa pasture. Undisturbed soil columns were collected from the RBS and cropped areas within the Bear Creek watershed, near Roland, Iowa. Atrazine and bromide breakthrough curves obtained using intact soil columns under saturated conditions were described by a two-region, mobile-immobile transport model. Preferential flow of bromide and atrazine was evident in five-and nine-year-old RBS soil, but there was little difference in transport characteristics between these two RBS soils and the adjacent cropped soils. There was a trend towards an increase in dispersion coefficients between the five-and nine-year-old RBS sites, which suggests an increased degree of preferential flow with increasing RBS age. Despite similar texture and organic C contents, atrazine sorption was significantly greater in RBS soil than the adjacent cropped soil. Cropped soil degraded atrazine faster than the RBS soil. The rapid degradation of atrazine in the corn-soybean soil adjacent to the five-year-old RBS (atrazine half-life of 19 days) appeared to be due to a larger population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms. Atrazine-degrading microorganisms in the corn-soybean soil were 50,940 cells g-1 soil compared with 2,970 cells g-4 soil in 5-year-old RBS soil which resulted in 60 percent mineralization of [14C-UL-atrazine] in the corn-soybean soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb03669.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and Variability of Surface Soil Properties at a Regional Scale (2000)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 64 (2000), S. 974-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Keywords: MBC, microbial biomass carbon MEP, Mehlich extractable phosphorus MLRA, Major Land Resource Areas MWD, mean-weight diameter NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service NRI, National Resource Inventory PMN, potentially mineralizable nitrogen PSU, primary sampling units TOC, total organic carbon WSA, water stable aggregates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: e transformation resulted in normal distributions for most soil properties and reduced variability two- to threefold. However, a few soil properties remained non-normally distributed. Soil pH may be monitored at the regional scale with a high degree of precision. Small changes in soil C content (3–8% of the regional mean) may be detected using loge transformed total organic C as the indicator. Sampling soil properties as part of the NRI should improve NRCS' ability to monitor soil condition on a regional scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkungen der totalen Leberexstirpation (1924)
    Springer
    Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology 23 (1924), S. 212-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-5786
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kurz zusammengefasst sind die wichtigsten, hier niedergelegten Tatsachen folgende: Es wurde eine Methode für die totale Entfernung der Leber bei Hunden ausgebildet, welche frei von den meisten Fehlerquellen ist, die früheren Exstirpationsmethoden des Organs bei Säugetieren anhaften. Es wurde gefunden, dass eine geeignete Einführung von Glukose bei derart operierten Hunden das Leben viele Stunden nach Verlust des gesamten Lebergewebes erhält. Von den vielen an hepatektomierten Tieren gemachten Beobachtungen möchten wir hervorheben, 1. dass die Leber zur Erhaltung des Blutzuckerspiegels absolut wesentlich ist; 2. dass die Leber der wichtigste Faktor, wenn nicht der einzige, bei dem Prozess der Desamidierung und der Harnstoffbildung ist, und 3. dass Bilirubin auch ohne Mitwirkung der Leber gebildet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01924578
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Physical Tourist¶Scientific Travels in the Irish Countryside (2000)
    Springer
    Physics in perspective 2 (2000), S. 313-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1422-6960
    Keywords: Key words. History of science; Ireland; Rosse Telescope; St. Patrick's College; Birr Demense; Irish National Museum (Galway); Giant's Causeway.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Newly-prosperous Ireland has a number of sites which the scientific traveller can visit. There are apparatus museums at Birr and Maynooth, and a collection of early apparatus at the physics department of the Irish National University in Galway. The main attraction at Birr is the Rosse Telescope, with its 6-ft diameter speculum, built in the 1840s, and recently refurbished. Travellers to Northern Ireland can see applied geology at the Giant's Causeway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000160050048
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seed dispersal and movement patterns in two species of Ceratogymna hornbills in a West African tropical lowland forest (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Seed dispersal Seed shadow Hornbills Telemetry Tropical frugivory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. We studied two species of Ceratogymna hornbills, the black-casqued hornbill, C. atrata, and the white-thighed hornbill, C. cylindricus, in the tropical forests of Cameroon, to understand their movement patterns and evaluate their effectiveness as seed dispersers. To estimate hornbill contribution to a particular tree species' seed shadow we combined data from movements, determined by radio-tracking, with data from seed passage trials. For 13 individuals tracked over 12 months, home range varied between 925 and 4,472 ha, a much larger area than reported for other African avian frugivores. Seed passage times ranged from 51 to 765 min, with C. atrata showing longer passage times than C. cylindricus, and larger seeds having longer gut retention times than smaller seeds. Combining these data, we estimated that seed shadows were extensive for the eight tree species examined, with approximately 80% of seeds moved more than 500 m from the parent plant. Maximum estimated dispersal distances for larger seeds were 6,919 and 3,558 m for C. atrata and C. cylindricus, respectively. The extent of hornbill seed shadows suggests that their influence in determining forest structure will likely increase as other larger mammalian dispersers are exterminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000445
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New ways of determining structural groups in brown coals and their bioconversion products by FT IR spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract New methods of determining the structural groups —COOH and —CH2— have been developed. The investigation of carboxyl groups is possible both after derivatization with p-fluorophenacylbromide and by quantitative interpretation of the Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) spectra. There exists a linear relationship between the results of these two methods that is generally valid for the analysis of all brown coal components. The maximum extinction coefficient of the symmetric stretching vibration band of the CH2 groups has been determined using model substances. This allows quantification of this structural group directly from the FT IR spectrum. The results agree with the contents of methylene groups as determined by 13C-cross polarization–magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy. Using these methods, the COOH and CH2 groups contained in brown coals of the North Rhine region and in their bioconversion products have been quantified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000419
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Soft Computing Approach to Road Classification (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent and robotic systems 29 (2000), S. 349-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0409
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Current learning approaches to computer vision have mainly focussed on low-level image processing and object recognition, while tending to ignore high-level processing such as understanding. Here we propose an approach to object recognition that facilitates the transition from recognition to understanding. The proposed approach embraces the synergistic spirit of soft computing, exploiting the global search powers of genetic programming to determine fuzzy probabilistic models. It begins by segmenting the images into regions using standard image processing approaches, which are subsequently classified using a discovered fuzzy Cartesian granule feature classifier. Understanding is made possible through the transparent and succinct nature of the discovered models. The recognition of roads in images is taken as an illustrative problem in the vision domain. The discovered fuzzy models while providing high levels of accuracy (97%), also provide understanding of the problem domain through the transparency of the learnt models. The learning step in the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as decision trees, naïve Bayes and neural networks using a variety of performance criteria such as accuracy, understandability and efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008158907779
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