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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CRITICAL REVIEW OF PREVIOUSLY REPORTED ANIMAL STUDIES OF TUMOR IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNOSTIMULANTS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 277 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41692.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF A CASE OF IgA2 DEFICIENCY (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 13 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A family with two members with selective IgA2 deficiency was analysed by direct gene analysis with different probes for the IgCH region. No gross gene deletions or rearrangements were detected. Genetic analysis based on serological and molecular markers did not rule out linkage with the IgCH region. However, a defect of other genes not linked to the Ig heavy chain region and controlling the expression of IgA may be possible as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1986.tb01077.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of profiles of Aeromonas salmonicida as epidemiological markers of furunculosis infections in fish (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Strains of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the agent of furunculosis disease of salmonid fish, have fairly uniform plasmid patterns. Of 35 strains examined by agarose gel electrophoresis, 28 had a pattern consisting of four small plasmids (4.2, 3.6, 3.5, 3.3 Mda) and a larger plasmid. The larger plasmid was most often 50–56 Mda, but it was larger in some strains. In the remaining seven strains, the same general profile was seen, but one of the small plasmids was missing. An additional plasmid was present in six strains. The pattern seen in 30 strains collected from Ontario fish over an 8-year period did not differ significantly from five reference isolates from other locations. Plasmid profiles of A. salmonicida strains appear too uniform to provide a useful epidemiological tool. The non-pigmented. atypical strains of A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes and A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, A. media, and brown-pigmented strains of A. hydrophila had different plasmid DNA profiles, which were distinct from those of typical isolates of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, determined by the agar dilution method, were uniform for most typical strains. A non-transferable resistance to tetracyclmes was found in two Ontario isolates, but antibiotic resistance was relatively uncommon among the Ontario isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1988.tb00533.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies in Acute Leukemia (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 428 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12306.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INDUCTION OF TUMOR IMMUNITY BY INTRATUMORAL CHEMOTHERAPY (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 276 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41683.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined non-enzymatic and enzymatic reduction favors bioactivation of racemic lipoic acid: an advantage of a racemic drug? (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 9 (1997), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: lipoic acid ; reduction ; dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; antioxidant ; enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the antioxidant effect of lipoic acid, reduction to dihydrolipoic acid is considered to be important. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LipHD) preferentially reduces R-lipoic acid and in a subsequent reaction, the R-dihydrolipoic acid formed may non-enzymatically reduce S-lipoic acid. Using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, the second order rate constant of the latter reaction was determined (k2 = 15 M-1 sec-1). In vitro, it was found that S-lipoic acid is reduced by LipDH using R-lipoic acid as a catalyst. The non-enzymatic dithiol-disulfide reaction leads to synergistic reduction of the enantiomers which can explain the higher antioxidant activity of racemic lipoic acid found in vivo (Maitra et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 221:422-429, 1996) in comparison to the enantiomers. Lipoic acid is therapeutically active in several diseases via antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that racemic lipoic acid can be therapeutically more active than the separate enantiomers. Chirality 9:362-366, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1.3-Dipolare Cycloadditionen, 68. Additionen der Nitriloxide an CN-Mehrfachbindungen (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 2825-2840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1.3-Dipolar Cycloadditions, 68. Additions of Nitrile Oxides to CN-Multiple BondsAzomethines with aromatic or aliphatic substituents (aldimines, ketimines) react with benzonitrile oxide to give Δ2-1.2.4-oxadiazolines in good yields (19 examples). 2.4.6-Trimethyl-benzonitrile oxide combines with phenyl isocyanate to give the 1.2.4-oxadiazolin-5-one 25. The cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to nitriles leads to 1.2.4-oxadiazoles (14 examples). Here the in situ technique in generation of the nitrile oxide is advantageous, because nitriles are dipolarophiles of lower activity than azomethines. Aromatic nitriles are sufficiently active as are aliphatic nitriles with electron-attracting substituents.
    Notes: Aromatisch und aliphatisch substituierte Azomethine (Aldimine, Ketimine) treten mit Benzonitriloxid zu Δ2-1.2.4-Oxadiazolinen in guter Ausbeute zusammen (19 Beispiele). 2.4.6-Trimethyl-benzonitriloxid vereinigt sich mit Phenylisocyanat zum 1.2.4-Oxadiazolinon-(5) 25. Für die zu 1.2.4-Oxadiazolen führende Addition von Nitriloxiden an Nitrile (14 Beispiele) bewährt sich die in situ-Arbeitsweise; Nitrile sind schwächere Dipolarophile als Azomethine. Aromatische Nitrile sowie elektronenanziehend substituierte aliphatische Nitrile sind genügend aktiv.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19721050908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,3-Dipolare Cycloadditionen, 73. Relative Dipolarophilen- Aktivitäten bei Cycloadditionen des Benzonitriloxids (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 3312-3344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions, 73. Relative Dipolarophile Activities in Cycloadditions of Benzonitrile OxideThe cornpetition of pairs of dipolarophiles for benzonitrile oxide, liberated in situ from benzohydroximoyl chloride (4), allows evaluation of the relative addition constants of 39 dipolarophiles which cover a range of four powers of ten. Benzonitrile oxide belongs to the type of 1,3-dipoles which react faster both with electron-deficient and electron-rich multiple bonds than with common alkenes and alkynes. Combination of these data with the known orientations provides the partial rate factors for the two directions of cycloaddition. The additivity of substituent contributions to the free energy of activation is only fulfilled to a first approximation.  -  The specific dipolarophile scale of benzonitrile oxide, as well as the orientation phenomena, are discussed in the light of the new MO perturbation treatments of Sustmann and Houk. The dipolarophile activity sequence of benzonitrile oxide is compared with those of diphenylnitrilimine and N-methyl-C-phenylnitrone.
    Notes: Die Konkurrenz von Dipolarophilen-Paaren um Benzonitriloxid,. In situ aus Benzohydroximoylchlorid (4) freigesetzt, ergab die sich über 4 Zehnerpotenzen erstreckenden relativen Additionskonstanten von 39 Dipolarophilen. Benzonitriloxid gehört zu den 1,3-Dipolen, die sowohl mit elektronen-armen als auch mit elektronen-reichen Mehrfachbindungen rascher reagieren als mit gewöhnlichen Alkenen und Alkinen. Die Kombination mit den bekannten Orientierungsverhältnissen erbrachte partielle Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der beiden Additionsrichtungen. Die Additivität der Substituenten-Beiträge zur freien Aktivierungsenergie ist nur näherungsweise erfüllt.  -  Die spezifische Dipolarophilen-Skala des Benzonitriloxids sowie die Orientierungsphänomene werden im Lichte neuer MO-störungstheoretischer Behandlungen von Sustmann und Houk diskutiert. Die Aktivitätssequenz wird mit denjenigen des Diphenylnitrilimins und des N-Methyl-C-phenylnitrons verglichen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19731061018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,3-Dipolare Cycloadditionen, 70. Additionen des Benzonitriloxids an olefinische und acetylenische Dipolarophile (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 3258-3274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions, 70. Additions of Benzonitrile Oxide to Olefinic and Acetylenic DipolarophilesBenzonitrile oxide (2) forms with monosubstituted ethylenes and acetylenes 2-isoxazolines (3-10) and isoxazoles (29, 42) substituted in the 5-position. β-Substituted styrenes yield a mixture of two possible orientation isomers (17/18, 19/20), except β-pyrrolidinostyrene, which produces only 3,4-diphenyl-5-pyrrolidino-2-isoxazoline (22). In other enamines, too, the amino function dictates this direction of addition notwithstanding steric effects. The stereospecificity of the cycloaddition has been shown by the reactions of the cis-trans-isomeric 2-butenes and stilbenes (13-16). Besides cyclopentene the less reactive cyclohexene could be combined with benzonitrile oxide (36, 37). The labile bicyclic primary adduct of cyclooctatetraene (38) undergoes electrocyclic ring closure to form the tricyclic product 39.
    Notes: Benzonitriloxid (2) bildet mit monosubstituierten Äthylenen und Acetylenen 2-Isoxazoline (3-10) und Isoxazole (29, 42), bei denen der Rest in der 5-Position erscheint. Ein Gemisch der beiden möglichen Orientierungsisomeren (17/18, 19/20) geht aus den Additionen an β-substituierte Styrole hervor. Abweichend verhielt sich β-Pyrrolidinostyrol, aus dem mit Benzonitriloxid nur 3,4-Diphenyl-5-pyrrolidino-2-isoxazolin (22) entsteht. Auch bei anderen Enaminen diktiert die Aminfunktion ungeachtet sterischer Effekte diese Additionsrichtung. Die Stereospezifität der Cycloaddition wurde an den cis-trans-isomeren 2-Butenen und Stilbenen dargetan (13-16). Neben Cyclopenten wurde auch das reaktionsträgere Cyclohexen zur Reaktion gebracht (36, 37). Das labile bicyclische Primäraddukt des Cyclooctatetraens (38) erleidet einen elektrocyclischen Ringschluß zum tricyclischen Produkt 39.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19731061015
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental conditions influence [3H]-dihydroalprenolol binding characteristics to living HeLa cells due to morphological changes: A warning (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 5 (1987), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Radioligand binding ; HeLa cells ; beta-adrenergic receptor ; cell morphology ; non-specific binding ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Harvesting of plated growing HeLa cells, followed by incubation of these cells without any addition at 37°C was found to cause changes in the cell shape. This phenomenon is accompanied by a diminished binding of the beta-adrenergic antagonist [3H]-dihydroalprenolol and the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine to a binding compartment not representing beta-adrenergic receptors. These binding sites have a high affinity for hydrophobic agents and most probably represent lipophilic structures in the cellular membrane. Changes in the cell shape obviously cause alterations in the physical properties of the plasma membrane. This might lead to misinterpretations of the results from experiments in which the redistribution of beta-adrenergic receptors is followed during incubation with agonists, as receptor occupation with subsequent receptor redistribution is possibly accompanied by effects on the membrane microviscosity.It is concluded that investigations performed in order to follow physiological events like receptor redistribution and desensitization processes, may be obfuscated by changes in the normal physical state of the living cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290050210
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