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  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International  (12)
  • Oxford University Press  (9)
  • American Geophysical Union  (4)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MARKTMACHT, GEWERKSCHAFTEN UND LOHNHÖHE IN DER INDUSTRIE DER BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSGHLAND (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 33 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Interindustrial wage differences in West Germany are explained by trade unions’ pressure (unionism, strike intensity), sellers’ market power (concentration, profits, vertical integration, cartels, and international trade), and fluctuations among labour force. The inverse relationship between concentration and wages can, theoretically, be traced back to monopoly and it is suggested that concentration should primarily be considered as an indicator of monopoly power. Vertical integration of successive stages of production within a single firm appears to entail efficiency gains on balance whereas in the case of cartels of the kind permitted in West Germany, monopolizing and efficiency raising effects appear to just cancel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1980.tb02633.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N2-fixation and complementary chromatic adaptation in non-heterocystous cyanobacteria from Lake Constance (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 37 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Non-heterocystous, mostly filamentous cyanobacteria were isolated from the crust of stones, from the periphyton of two macrophytes from the littoral zone and from the pelagic environment of Lake Constance. All isolates were cultivated as unialgal strains. DNA analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism with the psbA gene probe revealed high genetic diversity among the strains from the littoral zone. For all genotypes, the occurrence of the nifH gene encoding a nitrogenase subunit and of genes encoding subunits of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were tested by Southern blot hybridization. In addition, the isolates were investigated for their ability for complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA) and for anaerobic N2-fixation. With respect to these characteristics, all cyanobacteria included in this study were assigned to four different types: (1) strains without the capability to fix N2 or to perform CCA of the group III type (CCA III); (2) strains which show both features; (3) strains with the ability to fix nitrogen, but that do not show any CCA III; and (4) strains that produce phycoerythrin, but without the capacity for CCA III or N2-fixation. By examining the frequency distribution of isolates, these types were shown to prefer different habitats. While cyanobacterial strains capable of N2-fixation, but without CCA III, were mainly obtained from stone crusts in the supralittoral zone, those with the potential for N2-fixation as well as for CCA III were largely isolated from submersed macrophytes. Cyanobacteria that produce phycoerythrin, but do not perform CCA III or N2-fixation, were found in the pelagic zone only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00859.x
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  • 3
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    Supernova blast waves in wind-blown bubbles, turbulent, and power-law ambient media (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-17
    Description: Supernova (SN) blast waves inject energy and momentum into the interstellar medium (ISM), control its turbulent multiphase structure and the launching of galactic outflows. Accurate modelling of the blast wave evolution is therefore essential for ISM and galaxy formation simulations. We present an efficient method to compute the input of momentum, thermal energy, and the velocity distribution of the shock-accelerated gas for ambient media (densities of 0.1 ≥ n 0 [cm – 3 ] ≥ 100) with uniform (and with stellar wind blown bubbles), power-law, and turbulent (Mach numbers $\mathcal {M}$ from 1to100) density distributions. Assuming solar metallicity cooling, the blast wave evolution is followed to the beginning of the momentum conserving snowplough phase. The model recovers previous results for uniform ambient media. The momentum injection in wind-blown bubbles depend on the swept-up mass and the efficiency of cooling, when the blast wave hits the wind shell. For power-law density distributions with n ( r ) ~  r –2 (for n ( r ) 〉  n floor ) the amount of momentum injection is solely regulated by the background density n floor and compares to n uni = n floor . However, in turbulent ambient media with lognormal density distributions the momentum input can increase by a factor of 2 (compared to the homogeneous case) for high Mach numbers. The average momentum boost can be approximated as $p_{{\rm turb}}/{p_{{0}}}\ =23.07\, \left(\frac{n_{{0,\rm turb}}}{1\,{\rm cm}^{-3}}\right)^{-0.12} + 0.82 (\ln (1+b^{2}\mathcal {M}^{2}))^{1.49}\left(\frac{n_{{0,\rm turb}}}{1\,{\rm cm}^{-3}}\right)^{-1.6}$ . The velocity distributions are broad as gas can be accelerated to high velocities in low-density channels. The model values agree with results from recent, computationally expensive, three-dimensional simulations of SN explosions in turbulent media.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Modelling the supernova-driven ISM in different environments (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-22
    Description: We use hydrodynamical simulations in a (256 pc) 3 periodic box to model the impact of supernova (SN) explosions on the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM) for initial densities n  = 0.5–30 cm –3 and SN rates 1–720 Myr –1 . We include radiative cooling, diffuse heating, and the formation of molecular gas using a chemical network. The SNe explode either at random positions, at density peaks, or both. We further present a model combining thermal energy for resolved and momentum input for unresolved SNe. Random driving at high SN rates results in hot gas ( T   10 6  K) filling 〉90 per cent of the volume. This gas reaches high pressures (10 4  〈  P / k B  〈 10 7  K cm –3 ) due to the combination of SN explosions in the hot, low-density medium and confinement in the periodic box. These pressures move the gas from a two-phase equilibrium to the single-phase, cold branch of the cooling curve. The molecular hydrogen dominates the mass (〉50 per cent), residing in small, dense clumps. Such a model might resemble the dense ISM in high-redshift galaxies. Peak driving results in huge radiative losses, producing a filamentary ISM with virtually no hot gas, and a small molecular hydrogen mass fraction (〈〈1 per cent). Varying the ratio of peak to random SNe yields ISM properties in between the two extremes, with a sharp transition for equal contributions. The velocity dispersion in H i remains 10 km s –1 in all cases. For peak driving, the velocity dispersion in Hα can be as high as 70 km s –1 due to the contribution from young, embedded SN remnants.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    The relative impact of photoionizing radiation and stellar winds on different environments (2018)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-25
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
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  • 6
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    Job Satisfaction as a Driver for Sustainable Development in the Hospitality Industry? Evidence from the Alpine Region (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-20
    Description: This study investigated the drivers of job satisfaction in the Alpine tourism industry. Intention to work in the profession in the future and training satisfaction were also examined. A total of 316 employees in two Alpine tourism regions were interviewed by means of a questionnaire and asked about the factors influencing their job satisfaction, their intention to remain in the sector, and their satisfaction with training. The results reveal significant differences between the two regions in the dimensions of appreciation, international job opportunities, compatibility of family life and career, workplace climate, working hours, and remuneration. The findings also highlight differences in training satisfaction and intention to remain in the job. These regional differences provide important insights into job satisfaction and the influences upon it, from which various approaches to pursuing sustainable development potential can be derived, including personnel management, reduction of employee turnover, and appreciative corporate culture towards guests and employees as well as image cultivation among the general public.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 7
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    Lipidomic Phenotyping Reveals Extensive Lipid Remodeling during Adipogenesis in Human Adipocytes (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-26
    Description: Differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes is a highly complex cellular process. At lipidome level, the adipogenesis remains poorly characterized. To investigate the lipidomic changes during human adipogenesis, we used the LipidyzerTM assay, which quantified 743 lipid species from 11 classes. The undifferentiated human SGBS cell strain showed a heterogeneous lipid class composition with the most abundant classes, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylcholines (PC), and sphingomyelins (SM). The differentiation process was accompanied by increased ceramide concentrations. After completion of differentiation around day 4, massive lipid remodeling occurred during maturation, characterized by substantial synthesis of diacylglycerols (DAG), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), PC, PE, SM, and triacylglycerols (TAG). Lipid species composition became more homogeneous during differentiation to highly concentrated saturated and monounsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), with the four most abundant being C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, and C18:1. Simultaneously, the amount of polyunsaturated and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) markedly decreased. High negative correlation coefficients between PE and PC species containing VLCFA and TAG species as well as between ceramides and SM imply that PE, PC, and ceramides might have served as additional sources for TAG and SM synthesis, respectively. These results highlight the enormous remodeling at the lipid level over several lipid classes during adipogenesis.
    Electronic ISSN: 2218-1989
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 8
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    Characterization of Bulk Phosphatidylcholine Compositions in Human Plasma Using Side-Chain Resolving Lipidomics (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-08
    Description: Kit-based assays, such as AbsoluteIDQTM p150, are widely used in large cohort studies and provide a standardized method to quantify blood concentrations of phosphatidylcholines (PCs). Many disease-relevant associations of PCs were reported using this method. However, their interpretation is hampered by lack of functionally-relevant information on the detailed fatty acid side-chain compositions as only the total number of carbon atoms and double bonds is identified by the kit. To enable more substantiated interpretations, we characterized these PC sums using the side-chain resolving LipidyzerTM platform, analyzing 223 samples in parallel to the AbsoluteIDQTM. Combining these datasets, we estimated the quantitative composition of PC sums and subsequently tested their replication in an independent cohort. We identified major constituents of 28 PC sums, revealing also various unexpected compositions. As an example, PC 16:0_22:5 accounted for more than 50% of the PC sum with in total 38 carbon atoms and 5 double bonds (PC aa 38:5). For 13 PC sums, we found relatively high abundances of odd-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, our study provides insights in PC compositions in human plasma, facilitating interpretation of existing epidemiological data sets and potentially enabling imputation of PC compositions for future meta-analyses of lipidomics data.
    Electronic ISSN: 2218-1989
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 9
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    Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-01
    Description: This study compared metabolite shifts induced by training for, participation in, and recovery from a marathon race competition among athletes divided into three groups based on fitness (relative maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and performance levels (net running time). Plasma samples from 76 male runners participating in the Munich Marathon were analyzed for metabolite shifts using a targeted metabolomics panel. For the entire cohort of runners, pronounced increases were measured immediately after the race for plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines (AC), the ratio (palmitoylcarnitine + stearoylcarnitine)/free carnitine that is used as a proxy for the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and arginine-related metabolites, with decreases in most amino acids (AA) and phospholipids. Plasma levels of AA and phospholipids were strongly increased 24 and 72 h post-race. Post-race plasma concentrations of AC and arginine-related metabolites were higher in the low compared to top performers, indicating an accumulation of fatty acids and a reliance on protein catabolism to provide energy after the marathon event. This study showed that marathon race competition is associated with an extensive and prolonged perturbation in plasma metabolite concentrations with a strong AC signature that is greater in the slower, less aerobically fit runners. Furthermore, changes in the arginine-related metabolites were observed.
    Electronic ISSN: 2218-1989
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 10
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    SILCC-Zoom: H2 and CO-dark gas in molecular clouds – the impact of feedback and magnetic fields (2019)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-19
    Description: We analyse the CO-dark molecular gas content of simulated molecular clouds from the SILCC-Zoom project. The simulations reach a resolution of 0.1 pc and include H2 and CO formation, radiative stellar feedback and magnetic fields. CO-dark gas is found in regions with local visual extinctions $A_ m {V, 3D} sim$ 0.2–1.5, number densities of 10–103 cm−3 and gas temperatures of few 10–100 K. CO-bright gas is found at number densities above 300 cm−3 and temperatures below 50 K. The CO-dark gas fractions range from 40 per cent to 95 per cent and scale inversely with the amount of well-shielded gas ($A_ m {V, 3D}$ ≳ 1.5), which is smaller in magnetized molecular clouds. We show that the density, chemical abundances and $A_ m {V, 3D}$ along a given line-of-sight cannot be properly determined from projected quantities. As an example, pixels with a projected visual extinction of $A_ m {V, 2D} simeq$ 2.5–5 can be both, CO-bright or CO-dark, which can be attributed to the presence or absence of strong density enhancements along the line-of-sight. By producing synthetic CO(1-0) emission maps of the simulations with RADMC-3D, we show that about 15–65 per cent of the H2 is in regions with intensities below the detection limit. Our clouds have $X_ m {CO}$-factors around 1.5 × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1 with a spread of up to a factor ∼ 4, implying a similar uncertainty in the derived total H2 masses and even worse for individual pixels. Based on our results, we suggest a new approach to determine the H2 mass, which relies on the availability of CO(1-0) emission and $A_ m {V, 2D}$ maps. It reduces the uncertainty of the clouds’ overall H2 mass to a factor of ≲ 1.8 and for individual pixels, i.e. on sub-pc scales, to a factor of ≲ 3.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
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