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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3200-3202 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: IrSiN films (including IrSi film) formed by the reactive co-sputtering of Ir and Si targets have been investigated with regard to their oxygen-diffusion barriers in an application to stacked ferroelectric capacitors. The film properties and barrier effect were examined with relation to the N2/(Ar+N2) deposition flow ratio. In IrSiN films formed with a N2/(Ar+N2) flow ratio of 0.06 or 0.12, a shallow oxygen penetration depth of less than 20 nm was attained even under annealing in O2 at 800 °C for 40 min, and no reaction was observed with polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films. These films also adhered well to both poly-Si and SiO2 films. Therefore, the barriers are likely to prove extremely useful for integrated ferroelectric capacitors. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The outdiffusion of boron, antimony, and phosphorus from the bare silicon wafer at 1200 °C, especially its dependence upon the annealing atmosphere, has been studied with spreading resistance and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). It is found that the boron outdiffusion proceeds when the crystal is annealed in hydrogen, but is completely suppressed in argon even if the doping concentration is as high as 3×1018 cm−3 and the annealing time is as long as 2 h. The dramatic dependence upon the atmosphere has not been observed for the other impurities and is temporarily related with the desorption process of boron atoms from the surface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A vicinal silicon (111) surface exhibits well defined single steps after being annealed at 1200 °C in hydrogen, which is in sharp contrast with step bunches featuring the surface annealed in argon. As a temporary explanation for its ability to unzip the step bunches, we suggest that hydrogen destroys the faulted triangles of a [112¯] step, eliminates this kind of step, and eventually leaves the single [1¯1¯2] steps alone behind on the surface. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Separation by implanted oxygen silicon wafers have been investigated with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy after annealing at 1200 °C in argon as well as in hydrogen. It is observed that the buried oxide has experienced little change in the thickness, which is ascribed to the low hydrogen solubility in the crystal (about 3×1015 cm−3) and provides a natural mark to measure the thickness variation of the top silicon directly. The evaporation rate as determined in this method is less than 0.1 nm/min with an accuracy of ±0.1 nm/min, at least two orders of magnitude lower than reported in previous investigations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4749-4758 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The radical cation of dimethyl ether has been studied by ESR in the temperature region of 6–140 K focusing on the internal rotation of the methyl groups. The methyl groups rotate almost freely at above ∼70 K to give a septet ESR spectrum. At temperatures below 40 K there emerge extra lines due to the tunneling rotation of the methyl groups. From the analysis of the line shape, the interaction potential for the rotation of the two methyl groups, if any, should be approximated as proportional to cos 3θ1 cos 3θ2, where θ1 and θ2 denote the rotational angles of the methyl groups measured from the potential minima of the internal rotation of the methyl groups. The activation energy for the thermally induced internal rotation is determined to be ∼100 cal/mol at temperatures above 25 K, whereas at lower temperatures the apparent activation energy drops sharply, which is consistent with the quantum tunneling of the methyl protons. The small activation energy of 100 cal/mol for the radical cation is compatible with the result of ab initio MO calculation for the potential barrier.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 3233-3235 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: X-ray Raman scattering spectra from single crystal graphite were recorded. By making use of the relative directions of the scattering vector (s) and an axis of graphite crystal (c), anisotropic effects in the x-ray Raman scattering spectrum are observed; the onset of the scattering shifts by about 7 eV and the extended fine structures show significant differences in the spectra obtained for s(parallel)c and s⊥c. Analyses by the uses of the equation employed for EXAFS show that interlayer or intralayer C–C distances can be obtained separately from the spectra for s(parallel)c and s⊥c, respectively. This is the first observation of the anisotropy effect in the extended structure in x-ray Raman spectra.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 795-810 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique has been used to study the concentration fluctuations of binary polymer mixtures under shear. Two different polymer systems, deuterated polystyrene/poly(vinylmethylether) and deuterated polystyrene/polybutadiene, have been studied as a function of temperature and shear rate. Due to the small wavelength of the incident neutron radiation compared with light, the shear dependence of concentration fluctuations in the one-phase region and in the strong shear limit has been obtained from the q dependence of the scattering structure factor for the first time. From a detailed analysis of the scattering structure factor S(q) a crossover value of the wave number qs has been obtained as a function of temperature and shear rate. This crossover wave number represents the inverse of the lowest fluctuation mode which is not affected by shear. The temperature, viscosity, and shear rate dependence of this experimentally determined qs agree well with a simple rotatory diffusion model and also the dynamic mode–mode coupling analysis of Kawasaki and Ferrell. The apparent spinodal temperature as a function of shear rate is shown to be consistent with the prediction of Onuki.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 3383-3390 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a comparative study, down to the single-molecule level, of the linewidth and multiplet structure of the optical transitions of 2.3,8.9-dibenzanthanthrene (DBATT) in shock-frozen solutions of n-decane, n-undecane, and n-tetradecane. The n-alkane matrices show weak structural ordering and distinct incorporations of the DBATT molecules have been recognized. The order does not increase, nor does the ensemble optical linewidth decrease going from bulk to sub-volumes of less than 1 μm3. The relation between lateral position, orientation of the transition moment, and transition frequency has been investigated using single-molecule fluorescence-excitation and polarization spectroscopy. The distribution of the orientation is found not to depend on frequency and vice versa. Structural ordering on a microscopic scale is found not to be decisive as regards the linewidth and multiplet structure. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 3184-3194 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical and experimental studies are performed to elucidate the low energy charge-transfer dynamics of the reaction, O+(4S)+C2H2(X 1Σg+)→O+C2H2+. In particular, the role of the low-frequency acetylene bending modes (612 and 730 cm−1) in promoting charge transfer was examined. High-temperature guided-ion beam measurements are carried out over the energy range from near-thermal to 3 eV at 310 and 610 K. The charge-transfer cross sections are found to decrease up to 0.5 eV, to have a constant value at intermediate energies between 0.5 and 1.5 eV, and then to dramatically increase above a threshold of a spin-allowed process determined to be at 1.7 eV. A bending vibrational enhancement of ∼8 is observed at intermediate energies. Thermal energy rate co-efficients are measured in a variable temperature-selected ion flow drift tube apparatus from 193 to 500 K. At each temperature, a negative energy dependence is observed. In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism in detail, high level ab initio calculations using Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field and Multi-Reference Single- and Double-excitation Configuration Interaction methods have been performed. The results indicate that the charge transfer reaction occurs at an early stage via nonadiabatic transition between quartet and doublet states. There is a weak van der Waals minimum at the entrance channel between O+(4S) and C2H2 with the relative energy of −1.51 kcal/mol. The minimum of the quartet/doublet crossing seam (Q/D MSX), where the spin-forbidden nonadiabatic transition is most likely to take place, lies very near this minimum at RCO=4.06 Å, RCC=1.20 Å, and (angle)CCH=166.6° with a relative energy of −1.48 kcal/mol. After the nonadiabatic transition, the system propagates on the doublet surface to reach the exothermic O(1D)+C2H2+(X˜ 2Πu) products. No energy barrier exists on the reaction pathway, strongly suggesting that the reaction should occur at low energy with a negative energy dependence, which is consistent with the experiment. The Q/D MSX has a bent acetylene moiety, which suggests that the excitation in bending modes will enhance the reaction, in agreement with the experiment. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is known to contain soluble and membrane-bound quinoprotein d-glucose dehydrogenases while other oxidative bacteria such as Pseudomonas or Gluconobacter contain only membrane-bound enzyme. The two different forms were believed to be the same enzyme or interconvertible. Present results show that the two different forms of glucose dehydrogenase are distinct from each other in their enzymatic and immunological properties as well as in their molecular size.The two enzyme forms were separated after French press-disruption by repeated ultracentrifugation. The soluble and membrane-bound enzymes showed different properties including substrate specificity, kinetics for glucose, and reactivity for ubiquinone-homologues. Importantly, the distinct properties of both enzymes could be retained even after partial purification of the soluble enzyme and solubilization of the membrane-bound enzyme with Triton X-100. Furthermore, the two forms could be distinguished immunochemically; the membrane-bound form contains a polypeptide of 83 kDa cross-reactive with antibody raised against Pseudomonas enzyme while the soluble enzyme may be a 55 kDa peptide which is not cross-reactive with the antibody.
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