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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of yeast DNA sequences capable of directing transcription in Streptomyces and Escherichia coli (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 115 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Random genomic DNA fragments from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were tested for their ability to activate transcription of a promoterless aminoglycoside phosphotransferase-encoding gene in Streptomyces. About 10% of the insertions led to kanamycin resistance when selected at low concentration (5 μg ml−1). The nucleotide sequences of five insertions that allowed growth at different concentrations of the antibiotic were determined. Three of them contained −10 and −35 consensus sequences for the major class of eubacterial promoters. In two others, a −10 sequence could be identified, but a −35 element was absent at the appropriate distance. All of the five inserts were also transcriptionally active in Escherichia coli and therefore probably belong to the major class of eubacterial promoters. Three of the characterized insertions found to match known yeast sequences did not derive from promoter regions. We conclude that sequences that function as eubacterial promoters occur at random in the yeast genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06625.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and genetic analysis of an alpha-mannosidase mutant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 69 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A yeast mutant lacking non-specific α-mannosidase activity was found as a background marker during our search for dap2 mutants (Suárez-Rendueles, P. and Wolf, D.H. (1987) J. Bacteriol. 169, 4041–4048). The mutant (DPS-15) is characterized in detail. The mutation called amd1 segregates 2:2 in meiotic tetrads, indicating a single chromosomal gene mutation which is recessive. Diploids heterozygous for amd1 show gene dosage. Thus, it appears that AMD1 might be the structural gene for α-mannosidase. Results obtained with this mutant show that α-mannosidase is not a vital component of the vegetative cell cycle. The differentiation process of sporulation is not disturbed in homozygous mutant diploids. Mannose turnover does not seem to be altered in mutant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04192.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo formation of R-prime plasmids harbouring nod genes of Rhizobium “hedysari” (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 110 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The symbiotic plasmid pRHc1J and the helper plasmid pJB3JI were transferred from Rhizobium “hedysari” strain RJ77 to Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GMI9023. Transconjugants harboured recombinant plasmids (R-prime plasmids) consisting of pJB3JI carrying DNA fragments, of different sizes, surrounding the Tn5mob insert in pRHc1J. Two of these R-prime plasmids (pR1 and pR2) carried nod genes and were able to restore the Nod+ phenotype of pSym− derivatives of R. “hedysari”. The R. “hedysari” nod genes harboured by both R-primes were expressed in R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii wild-type but not in a pSym− derivative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06333.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 104 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae consumes mono- and disaccharides preferentially to any other carbon source. Since sugars do not freely permeate biological membranes, cellular uptake of these compounds requires the action of ‘transporters’. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on sugar transport in this organism. Yeast cells show two transporters for monosaccharides, the so-called glucose and galactose transporters that act by a facilitated diffusion mechanism. In the case of glucose transport, which also acts upon d-fructose and d-mannose, two components with high- and low-affinity constants have been identified kinetically. Activity of the high-affinity component is dependent on the presence of active kinases whereas activity of the low-affinity component is independent of the presence of these enzymes. Three genes, SNF3, HXT1 and HXT2, encode three different glucose transporters with a high affinity for the substrates and are repressed by high concentrations of glucose in the medium. Kinetic studies suggest that at least one additional gene exists that encodes a transporter with a low affinity and is expressed constituently. The present view is that there are several additional transporters for glucose that have not yet been identified. Galactose transport has only one natural substrate, d-galactose, and is encoded by the gene GAL2. Expression of this gene is induced by galactose and repressed by glucose. Two transporters for disaccharides have been identified in S. cerevisiae: maltose and α-methylglucoside transporters. These transporters are H+-symports that depend on the electrochemical proton gradient and are independent of the ATP level. The gene that encodes the maltose transporter is clustered with the other two genes required for maltose utilization in a locus that is found repeated at different chromosomal locations. Its expression is induced by maltose and repressed by glucose. The rate of sugar uptake in yeast cells is controlled by changes in affinity of the corresponding transporters as well as by an irreversible inactivation that affects their Vmax. The mechanisms involved in these regulatory processes are unknown at present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05869.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TLC Preparative Purification of Picrocrocin, HTCC and Crocin from Saffron (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for the extraction and purification of saffron secondary metabolites was developed. Among the solvents checked water was the most convenient for picrocrocin, 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxy-1-car-boxaldehyde-1-cyclohexene (HTCC) and crocin extraction from saffron stigmas. The compounds were separated by analytical and preparative thin layer chromatography on aluminum oxide, and identified by spectroscopic techniques. Quantitative determination was performed by high performance liquid chromatography methods with reverse phase C-18. Picrocrocin, HTCC and crocin isolated by preparative TLC showed a chromatographic purity of 98%, 96% and.70%, isolation yields being 88, 98 and 70%, respectively. The isolated compounds may be useful as food colorants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb08079.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-enzymatic Browning and Fluorescence Development in a (E)-4,5-Epoxy-(E)-2-heptenal/Lysine Model System (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 58 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As a model system for studying oxidized lipid/protein browning, the reaction between (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-heptenal (a secondary oxidation product of ω-3 pentaenoic acids) and lysine was studied. CIELAB L*a*b* and fluorescence followed zero-order kinetics, and were always correlated, as a function of time, pH, temperature and epoxy-aldehyde/lysine ratio, suggesting parallel reactions for producing brown macromolecular pigments and fluorescent products. Activation energy, according to the Arrhenius equation, was 66.5 and SOKJ/mol for color difference and fluorescence intensity, respectively. This model system may help understand the non-enzymatic browning produced by lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb04352.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Detoxification of Aflatoxin-containing Copra (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 56 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aflatoxin-containing copra at moisture contents of 24% and 7% was effectively detoxified by ammonium hydroxide (〉 97% and 89% reduction, respectively). Detoxification was accomplished in 5 days using 1.5% ammonium hydroxide (ammonia/copra); in 10 days using 1.0% and in 15 days using 0.5%. The initial aflatoxin B1 concentration of 500 ppb (9% moisture) was reduced to ≤ 20 ppb. Detoxification trials using a screw expeller showed 67% reduction in aflatoxin content of the oil with 1.0% ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05369.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogold localization of phytoene desaturase in higher plant chloroplasts (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 88 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In situ location of phytoene desaturase, a key enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, has been investigated in chloroplasts from higher plants. For this purpose, an antiserum has been raised against the phytoene desaturase from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942 overexpressed in E. coli. The specifity of this antiserum was demonstrated by inhibition of the enzymatic desaturation reaction in vitro. The antiserum was further purified and immunoabsorbed with E. coli proteins. The resulting IgG-fraction was tested by western blotting against membrane proteins from chloroplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Atlanta). Apparent molecular masses of immunoreactive proteins were 62 and 64 kDa. A western blot of different membrane fractions of spinach chloroplasts (inner and outer envelopes, and thylakoids) indicated a localization of the phytoene desaturase in thylakoids. A post embedding immunogold microscopy procedure was employed. In these experiments the main labelling (79%) was associated with thylakoid membranes of tobacco chloroplasts. Of the counted colloidal gold particles, 16% were found in the stroma. Only 5% were detected in the envelope membranes. These results give clear evidence that at least the majority of phytoene desaturase molecules is localized within thylakoid membranes of higher plant chloroplasts and that the presence of the enzyme in the envelope is of minor significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05493.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between evolution of CO2 and growth of plum shoot tips cultured in vitro under different light/dark regimes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 87 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The application of 4 h light followed by 2 h darkness (4/2 h), compared to 16 h light-8 h darkness (16/8 h). induced very different patterns of CO2 evolution from proliferating shoots of Prunus cerasifera in vitro. Under the former light/dark regime, fresh and dry weights of shoot clutures and the number of newly formed shoots were increased. Cultures under 4/2 h showed a higher photosynthetic capacity at an earlier stage of growth but this did not appear to be a factor in the enhanced growth. It is suggested that phytochrome may be involved in determining a different pattern of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01732.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of light in the in vivo and in vitro synthesis of spinach thioredoxin f (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Upon continuous illumination of dark-grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Winter Giant) seedlings, the thioredoxin f (Td f) content (ELISA) showed a steep rise, which can be evaluated after 3 and 36 h illumination as 3 times and 10 times the dark value, respectively. These figures correspond to 0.03% and 0.1% of total soluble protein, which means a higher biosynthetic rate for Td f compared to the average of total proteins in the earlier steps of plant development. After 40-50 h light the Td f level reached its highest value which remained stable for an additional 40 h and then decreased. Pulse-chase in vivo experiments with [35S]-methionine also showed this sharp increase of Td f in the dark-light transition. From the pattern of decay of [35S]-labelled Td f, a half-life of 7 h was determined for this chloroplast protein. In vitro translation experiments with poly(A)-mRNA isolated from illuminated young spinach seedlings, coupled to a wheat-germ synthesizing system, showed the appearance of a labelled fraction of ca 19 kDa molecular mass, recognizable by a specific Td f antiserum. When intact spinach chloroplasts were added to the translation assay medium, and then illuminated, the 19 kDa band disappeared, with a parallel increase of an internalized 13 kDa labelled polypeptide, also recognized by the Td f antiserum. These results are good evidence for a nuclear-coded synthesis of a Td f precursor, which travels through the chloroplast envelope, leaving the functional protein inside the organelle after the loss of a 6 kDa transit peptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04659.x
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