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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 44 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Comparative sheep production from Aurora (very early-flowering), Meltra (late-flowering tetraploid) and Aberystwyth S23 (late-flowering) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties was assessed as both grass-only (200 kg N ha−1) and grass-white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (75 kg N ha−1) swards under continuous stocking management. Beulah Speckled Face ewes and their Suffolk cross lambs were used from late April to mid-July. From late July to early November only lambs grazed the pastures.Mean (1985–87) total annual lamb production per hectare from Aurora and Meltra was 16% and 13% more than that from S23. The magnitude of the differences between these varieties and S23 declined from the first to the third year. Aurora gave 29% more lamb output per hectare than S23 in 1985 but only 10% more in 1987, while the advantage of Meltra over S23 fell from 19% in 1985 to 6% in 1987. Seasonal lamb production per hectare varied between the grasses, especially during spring when lamb output from Aurora was 43% and 22% more than that from S23 and Meltra respectively, with that from the tetraploid being 17% higher than that from S23.It is concluded that the superior spring output from Aurora offers the farmer the opportunity to reduce his dependence on bought-in feedstuffs, hence improving the efficiency and profitability of lamb production from grassland.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 40 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Productivity, seasonal growth and persistence of 10 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties were assessed al an upland (305 m) and lowland (30 m) site in mid-Wales. Averaged over 3 harvest years (1979–81), mean dry matter (DM) production at 8.8 t ha−1 was 22% lower in the upland environment, with spring (April and May) growth showing greatest contrast varying from only 6% of that in the lowland in 1979, after a severe winter, to 113% in 1981.Relative ranking of varieties differed considerably between the two environments and no correlation was found between DM production at the two sites (r= 0.5945). Early heading varieties performed better in the spring than late types at the upland site. A comparison of the results with those published from official variety testing trials gave a positive relationship under lowland conditions (r= 0.7162*) but no correlation with those from the upland centre (r= 0.1969).The findings of the study show that relative productivity of varieties, but not persistency, differs between upland and lowland environments.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 44 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Potential lamb production from grass-clover (75–80 kg N ha−1) swards was compared with that from grass-only (160–200 kg N ha−1) swards from 1985 to 1987 at the Bronydd Mawr Research Centre in mid-Wales. Separate pastures of three perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties; Aurora (very early-flowering diploid), Meltra (late-flowering tetraploid) and Aberystwyth S23 (late-flowering diploid), with and without Aberystwyth S184 small-leaved white clover (Trifolium repens L.), were continuously stocked with Beulah Speckled Face ewes and their Suffolk cross lambs from spring (late April) until weaning in mid-July. From late July the pastures were grazed with weaned lambs until early November.Individual lamb liveweight gain was 8% more (P 〈 0·001) pre-weaning on grass-clover than on grass-only swards and 30% more (p 〈 0·001) post-weaning. Averaged over three years, mean stocking rate was 17% higher (p 〈 0·001) pre-weaning and 29% higher (p 〈 0·001) post-weaning on the grass-only pastures. Even so, total lamb output (kg ha−1) was similar from the two sward types, although during the pre-weaning period lamb production was 9% higher (P 〈 0·05) from grass-only swards.The results show the potential of grass-clover (low N) swards to improve the efficiency of lamb production from grassland since better individual lamb growth rate compensated for the lower stock-carrying capacity. That is, similar output was achieved with lower cost of fertilizer N input and with the lower costs associated with carrying fewer animals.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 43 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Large between-year variation was observed in spring air and soil temperatures at Pant-y-dwr Hill Centre (305 m altitude) from 1967 to 1984 and at Bronydd Mawr Research Centre (330 m) from 1985 to 1986 in Powys. The mean date of attaining T-sum 200°C accumulated air temperature was 13 March (range 9 February to 23 April) and that of soil temperature at 100 mm depth permanently above 5 5°C was 9 April (range 7 March to 4 May). Net herbage accumulation and response to applied N from Aberystwyth S23 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards during April were also highly variable and were correlated with the date of reaching target soil temperatures of above 5 5°C for 5 consecutive days (r=−0·68, P 〈 0·001 for net herbage accumulation and r=−0·70, P 〈 0·001 for response to N).The use of early flowering varieties of perennial ryegrass gave a significant increase of herbage growth in spring compared with late varieties. From 1979 to 1980 net herbage accumulation during April from the early variety Frances was 94% more than from Perma (late) and 55% more than from Talbot (intermediate) varieties. Under conservation management more winter hardy and persistent varieties of Italian and hybrid ryegrasses (L. multiflorum L. and L. multiflorum X L. perenne) gave higher quantities of firstcut silage crops in early June than RvP Italian ryegrass.After the severe winters of 1978–79 and 1985–86, subsequent spring production from a wide range of ryegrasses was shown to be affected by sward survival, highlighting the value of winter hardy varieties when resowing in the uplands
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The use of sward height as a criterion for determining the time and extent of stocking-rate changes on continuously grazed swards was investigated over a 2-year period (1985–86) in a sheep production experiment. Swards of three contrasting perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties were established with and without Aberystwyth S184 small-leaved white clover (Trifolium repens L.) at an upland site (310–363 m) in mid-Wales. From spring (late April) until weaning (mid-July) the pastures were continuously stocked with Beulah Speckled Face ewes and Suffolk cross lambs. During this period sward heights of 4 ± 0.5 cm were obtained and maintained by regular adjustment of animal number on individual paddocks. Grass-only swards received 160 and 200 kg N ha−1 and the grass clover swards were given 80 and 75 kg N ha−1 in 1985 and 1986 respectively.Differences were observed between the treatments in sward height profiles over the season necessitating contrasting adjustments to stocking rates. Mean stocking rate necessary on early flowering Aurora (22 6 ewes ha−1) was respectively 27% and 17% higher than on late-flowering Aberystwyth S23 and Meltra (tetraploid) ryegrasses; mean stocking rate on grass-only swards was 19% higher than on the grass-clover pastures.It is concluded that sward height is a useful criterion on which to make adjustments to stocking rates to compare the potential performance of contrasting swards, under continuous grazing. The infrequent adjustments required to maintain a constant sward height, especially on the late flowering diploid perennial ryegrass variety on which many upland pastures are based, suggest that the criterion of sward height could be successfully employed on farms as an aid to efficient grazing management.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 42 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ewe and lamb performance, herbage production and feed quality components on four late-flowering perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) varieties were assessed under a fixed stocking management at an upland site (305 m OD) in mid-Wales. Averaged over four years (1981–84) there was no significant difference (P〉0·05) between Aberystwyth S23, Aberystwyth Ajax, Perma and Meltra (tetraploid) in ewe and iamb liveweight gains. There were, however, considerable differences between varieties during individual years and their relative ranking also changed substantially over the four years. Lamb production on Perma was 22% more than on S23 in the first year but by the fourth year it was 21 % less than on the latter variety.Differences between varieties were observed in herbage production. Net herbage accumulation was 15% more on Meltra than on Ajax whilst the calculated quantity of OM consumed was 19% higher from Meltra than from both Ajax and S23. Net animal liveweight gains were positively correlated with herbage production (r = 0·95, P 〈 0·05) and DOM consumed (r=0·96. P〈0·05).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 35 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 36 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 67 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 453 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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