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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of Conductimetry for Evaluation of Lactic Starter Cultures in Soymilk (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : :Soymilk (SM), a potential culture medium for applying conductimetric techniques to evaluate the behavior of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria was examined. Media LAPTg, LM, and SM was standardized for the growth of Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium longum. A dilution of 1/100 for L. fermentum and 1/1 for B. longum were considered optimal to obtain a detection time (DT) between 5 and 10 min. The relationship between the initial number of cells and the DT was linear throughout the incubation period considered (40 h). The effect of temperature (30, 37, and 42 °C) on the metabolic activity of the cells was also determined after 40 h of fermentation. The higher metabolic changes were observed at 42 °C with conductance values from 600 to 800 μS and DT of 5-7 min. Results obtained were confirmed by viable counts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09472.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Glucosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum is stimulated by glucose and xylose (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 240 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An inducible mycelial β-glucosidase from Scytalidum thermophilum was characterized. The enzyme exhibited a pI of 6.5, a carbohydrate content of 15%, and an apparent molecular mass of about 40 kDa. Optima of temperature and pH were 60 °C and 6.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 1 h at 50 °C and exhibited a half-life of 20 min at 55 °C. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside, o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-α-arabinopyranoside, cellobiose, laminaribiose and lactose. Kinetic studies indicated that the same enzyme hydrolyzed these substrates. β-Glucosidase was activated by glucose or xylose at concentration varying from 50 to 200 mM. The apparent affinity constants (K0.5) for glucose and xylose were 36.69 and 43.24 mM, respectively. The stimulatory effect of glucose and xylose on the S. thermophilumβ-glucosidase is a novel characteristic which distinguish this enzyme from all other β-glucosidases so far described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the Pasteurella multocida ompH gene is negatively regulated by the Fur protein (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 203 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The fur gene of Pasteurella multocida has been cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli fur mutant. The P. multocida fur gene, which encodes a predicted protein of 147 amino acids, displaying the highest identity (89%) with the same protein of Haemophilus influenzae, is negatively regulated by its own product. By construction of a P. multocida fur mutant, it has been demonstrated that the ompH gene, encoding a major structural protein of the outer membrane, presenting high antigenicity power, is negatively regulated by iron and glucose. Furthermore, wild-type and fur-defective cells of P. multocida show the same level of virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10817.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed field gel electrophoresis techniques for molecular typing of Dermatophilus congolensis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 240 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study aimed to evaluate molecular typing methods useful for standardization of strains in experimental work on dermatophilosis. Fifty Dermatophilus congolensis isolates, collected from sheep, cattle, horse and a deer, were analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method using twenty-one different primers, and the results were compared with those obtained by typing with a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method using the restriction digest enzyme Sse8387I. The typeability, reproducibility and discriminatory power of RAPD and Sse8387I-PFGE typing were calculated. Both typing methods were highly reproducible. Of the two techniques, Sse8387I-PFGE was the least discriminating (Dice Index (DI), 0.663) and could not distinguish between epidemiologically related isolates, whereas RAPD showed an excellent discriminatory power (DI, 0.7694–0.9722). Overall, the degree of correlation between RAPD and PFGE typing was significantly high (r, 0.8822). We conclude that the DNA profiles generated by either RAPD or PFGE can be used to differentiate epidemiologically unrelated isolates. The results of this study strongly suggest that at least two independent primers are used for RAPD typing in order to improve its discriminatory power, and that PFGE is used for confirmation of RAPD results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.09.016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of an extracellular serine protease gene (nasp gene) from Dermatophilus congolensis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 231 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A partial amino acid sequence of a serine protease from Dermatophilus congolensis allowed the design of oligonucleotide primers that were complemented with additional ones from previously published partial sequences of the gene encoding the enzyme. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using combinations of specific and degenerate oligonucleotide primers, allowed the amplification of a 1738-bp internal fragment of the gene, which was finally characterised by inverse PCR as the first full-length sequenced serine protease gene (nasp) from Dermatophilus congolensis. The deduced amino acid sequence of this enzyme, probably involved in the pathogenesis of dermatophilosis, links it to the subtilisin family of proteases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00958-3
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of cysteine-proteinases in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes using a cross-reactive antiserum (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 186 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rabbit serum against the cysteine-proteinases papain has been employed for the cellular localization of cysteine-proteinases of in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. By immunocytochemistry, immune complexes were found in the plasma membrane and in the flagella pocket of the parasite. The antiserum immunoprecipitated major iodinated proteins with molecular masses of 66, 45, 28 and 24 kDa and a wide partitioning of the Triton X-114 detergent phase. The presence of cysteine-proteinase at the cell surface membrane was also suggested by the detection of proteolytic activity in living cells (19.0 μg azocasein min−1 10−7 promastigotes (1.0 S.D.)).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09115.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clofibric and ethacrynic acids prevent experimental pyelonephritis by Escherichia coli in mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 42 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interfering Escherichia coli attachment to the urinary tract, using P-fimbriation inhibitors, can prevent pyelonephritis. Clofibric and ethacrynic acids are organic compounds structurally related, but with different pharmacological uses. These agents are potentially active in the urinary tract due to its elimination in an unaltered form by the renal route. This study described a pyelonephritogenic E. coli strain, grown in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of clofibric or ethacrynic acids (0.1 and 1 mM, respectively), which exhibits inhibition of P1 erythrocytes agglutination and a drastic decrease in fimbriation, using electron microscopy and quantitative analyses of superficial proteins (decrease to a 17–25% in comparison with the control). In vivo assays were performed using ascending urinary tract infection in mice. The treatment with therapeutic doses of the drugs, administered 2 days before the bacterial challenge and daily until the end of the experiment (22 days), abolished renal infection after 7–10 days of drug exposure. Within this period clofibric acid did not produce adverse effects on the renal parenchyma. However, ethacrynic acid caused pyelitis and tubular cellular desquamation. These results suggested that clofibric acid might be useful in the short-term prophylaxis of urinary tract infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.026
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of metallo and serine extracellular proteinases in oral clinical isolates of Candida albicans in HIV-positive and healthy children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Candida yeasts frequently cause life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised hosts. In the present study, gelatin-SDS–PAGE analysis was used to characterize extracellular proteinases in 44 oral clinical isolates of Candida albicans from HIV-positive (29/50) and healthy children (15/50). Our survey indicates that these oral clinical isolates of C. albicans have complex extracellular proteolytic activity profiles, which illustrates the heterogeneity of this species. We showed four distinct proteolytic patterns composed of distinct serine (30–58 kDa) and metalloproteinase (64–95 kDa) activities, based on the inhibition profile with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 1,10-phenanthroline, respectively. This is the first report on secreted serine and metalloproteinases present in the culture supernatant fluids of C. albicans; however, we did not observe a significant correlation between proteolytic profile expressed by the C. albicans isolates from HIV-positive children and CD4+ T cell count and plasma viral load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00145-7
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GROWTH, POVERTY, AND INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA: A CAUSAL ANALYSIS, 1970–94 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Taking advantage of consistent poverty and income inequality data for 12 Latin American countries between 1970 and 1994, we analyze the determinants of changes in the incidence of urban and rural poverty and in Gini coefficients over spells of years, stressing in particular the role of aggregate income growth. We find that income growth reduces urban and rural poverty but not inequality. We also find that income growth is more effective in reducing urban poverty if the levels of inequality and poverty are lower, and the levels of secondary education higher. We show that there is an asymmetry in the impact of growth on poverty and inequality, with recession having strong negative effects on both poverty and inequality. Since growth does not reduce inequality, economic cycles create ratchet effects on the level of inequality. However, post-structural adjustment growth is quite effective at reducing poverty, particularly if inequality is low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00843.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NATIONAL ACCOUNTS ESTIMATION USING INDICATOR RATIOS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 46 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We propose a new approach to national accounts compilation, which also serves as a formalization of current compilation practices. When formalizing the procedure, a distinction is made between (basic) data, national accounts identities and so-called indicator ratios. The latter are ratios of or percentage relations between national accounts variables, such as the relation between output and value added. Indicator ratios are currently used in national accounts compilation practices in order to make adjustments to the basic data or to fill in missing data. The latter use is particularly relevant when basic data are scarce, which is the case not only in many developing countries, but also in developed countries when annual accounts are compiled for recent periods. The (basic) data, indicator ratios and identities together are used in a Bayesian approach to estimate the values of national accounts variables and analytical indicator ratios based thereon. The amendment of the current practices consists in introducing reliability intervals of basic data and indicator ratios, which allows for the use of a much larger number of indicator ratios in the compilation and checking of national accounts data. The Bayesian compilation approach makes it possible–in contrast to current practices–to use indicator ratios both as priors and as analytical indicators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2000.tb00846.x
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