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  • Wiley  (1,026)
  • BioMed Central  (226)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trigeminal primary afferent projections to the spinal cord of the frog, Rana ridibunda (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 217 (1993), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution in the spinal cord of the trigeminal primary projections in the frog Rana ridibunda was studied by means of the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Upon entering the medulla via the single trigeminal root, a conspicuous descending tract that reaches the cervical spinal cord segments is established. This projection arises in the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) trigeminal nerve subdivisions. In the spinal cord, only a minor somatotopic arrangement of the trigeminal fibers was observed, with the fibers arising in V3 terminating somewhat more medially than those from V1 and V2. A dense projection to the medial aspect of the spinal cord, above the central canal, primarily involves V3. Each trigeminal branch sends projections at cervical levels to the contralateral dorsal field, and those from V2 are most abundant. Bilateral experiments with HRP application show convergence of primary trigeminal and spinal afferents within the dorsal field of the spinal cord.The pattern of arrangement of the trigeminal primary afferent fibers in the spinal cord of this frog largely resembles that of amniotes. However, the organization seems simpler and the slight somatotopic distribution of V1, V2, and V3 fibers is similar to the condition in other anamniotes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052170203
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Solar influence and hydrological variability during the Holocene from a speleothem annual record (Molinos Cave, NE Spain) (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-22
    Description: We present a multi-proxy approach to reconstructing Holocene climate conditions in northeastern Spain based on an excellent correlation among the lamina thickness, colour parameters and isotope (δ 18 O and δ 13 C) variations recorded in a speleothem. An age model constructed from five U/Th dates and annual lamina counting suggests that the uppermost 14.7 cm of the MO-7 stalagmite grew between 7.2 and 2.5 kyr before present but experienced a growth hiatus from 4.9 to 4.3 kyr. Three spectral analysis methods were applied to 11 time series. The results reveal common solar periodicities on decennial (Gleissberg cycle) and centennial (De Vries-Suess cycle) scales. The onset of Holocene carbonate precipitation in the MO-7 stalagmite appears to be associated with a cold, wet period, whereas the hiatus and the end of growth are related to warm, dry periods. This environmental trend fits well within the regional Holocene climate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0954-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3121
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Segmentation and kinematics of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo-Plantain-Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional-Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high-resolution multi-beam echo-sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate-boundary structures are a series of strike-slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step-overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50 to 100 km long cut across pre-existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike-slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike-slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS-derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm/yr has remained stable during the entire Quaternary. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0954-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3121
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
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    IMMUNOLOCALIZATION OF SUBSTANCE P AND NK-1 RECEPTOR IN ADIPOSE STEM CELLS (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-14
    Description: ABSTRACT Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide belonging to the thachykinin peptide family. SP, after binding to its receptor, the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), controls several transcription factors such as NF-κB, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), c-myc, c-fos, c-jun and AP-1. SP and NK1R have a widespread distribution in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. They are also present in cells not belonging to the nervous system (immune cells, placenta, etc.). SP is located in all body fluids, i.e., blood, cerebrospinal fluid, etc., making it ubiquitous throughout the human body. SP and NK1R genes are expressed in the stem cell line TF-1 and in primary stem cells derived from human placental cord blood. However, to our knowledge, the presence of SP and the NK1R receptor in adipose stem cells (ADSC) is unknown. We demonstrated by immunofluorescence the localization of SP and NK1R in human and rat ADSC. SP and NK1R are located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of these cells. The NK1R is higher in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm of ADSCs. By Western blot we demonstrated the presence of different isoforms of NK1R that have different subcellular locations in the ADSC. SP induces proliferation and mitogenesis through NK1R in ADSCs. These findings reported here for the first time suggest an important role for a SP/NK1R system, either as genetic and/or epigenetic factor, in both the cytoplasm and nucleus functions of the ADSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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  • 5
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    Effect of chromosomal reorganizations on morphological covariation of the mouse mandible: insights from a Robertsonian system of (2014)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: IntroductionMorphological integration and modularity depend on genetic covariation between traits, which emerges from pleiotropic effects of single loci and genetic linkage between loci. Since chromosomal reorganizations alter meiotic recombination, they might modify groups of linked genes and entail the fixation of new alleles with new pleiotropic effects. As a result, they could contribute to the intraspecific variation of the covariance structure of morphological traits. Although the mouse mandible has long been studied in terms of development and evolution, little is known about how its covariance structure varies in natural populations with chromosomal reorganizations. Consequently, here we analyzed the magnitude and patterns of morphological covariation of mandible shape in groups of mice with different karyotypes from a Robertsonian system of Mus musculus domesticus. Results: The organization of the mouse mandible into two main modules was confirmed in all chromosomal groups, since RV coefficients for the corresponding subdivision of landmarks were always significant. However, substantial variation in the magnitude of integration was detected between groups, especially when the effect of allometry was not removed. A significant positive correlation between differences in magnitude of integration of the symmetric component of shape and karyotypic distances between groups was detected when not correcting for size. Moreover, the degree of dependence of symmetric shape variation on size showed a negative association with the chromosome number and a positive association with the magnitude of integration. All groups showed similar patterns of morphological integration of the mandible, especially regarding the symmetric component of shape. However, the display of landmark displacements and the computation of vector angles highlighted some differences. In addition, distances between groups in terms of covariation matrices of the symmetric component were positively correlated with geographic distance. Conclusions: Robertsonian translocations do not alter the organization of the mouse mandible into two main modules, but do affect the magnitude of integration between them. This effect is mainly due to changes in the allometric relationship. In the ‘Barcelona’ Robertsonian system, geographically structured sources of variation seem to affect the patterns of integration by producing parallel variation in separate developmental pathways. Overall, our results suggest that Robertsonian translocations could play a role in intraspecific differentiation processes by producing changes in the covariance structure of morphological traits.
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-9994
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 6
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    Variational modularity at the cell level: insights from the sperm head of the mouse (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: Background: Modularity is an important feature in the evolvability of organisms, since it allows the occurrence of complex adaptations at every single level of biological systems. While at the cellular level the modular organization of molecular interactions has been analyzed in detail, the phenotypic modularity (or variational modularity) of cell shape remains unexplored. The mammalian spermatozoon constitutes one of the most complex and specialized cell types found in organisms. The structural heterogeneity found in the sperm head suggests an association between its inner composition, shape and specificity of function. However, little is known about the extent of the connections between these features. Taking advantage of the mouse sperm morphology, we analyzed the variational modularity of the sperm head by testing several hypotheses related to its structural and functional organization. Because chromosomal rearrangements can affect the genotype-phenotype map of individuals and thus modify the patterns of covariation between traits, we also evaluate the effect of Robertsonian translocations on the modularity pattern of the sperm head. Results: The results indicated that the mouse sperm head is divided into three variational modules (the acrosomal, post-acrosomal and ventral spur module), which correspond to the main regions of the cytoskeletal mesh beneath the plasma membrane, i.e., the perinuclear theca. Most of the covariation is concentrated between the ventral spur and the acrosomal and post-acrosomal modules. Although the Rb fusions did not alter the main modularity pattern, they did affect the percentages of covariation between pairs of modules. Conclusions: The structural heterogeneity of the cytoskeleton is responsible for the modular organization of the sperm head shape, corroborating the role that this structure has in maintaining the cell shape. The reduction in percentages of shape covariation between pairs of modules in Rb sperms suggests that chromosomal rearrangements could induce changes in the genotype-phenotype map. Nevertheless, how these variations affect sperm fertilization success is yet to be elucidated.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2148
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 7
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    Pioglitazone leads to an inactivation and disassembly of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-02
    Description: Background: Thiazolidinedione are antidiabetic agents that increase insulin sensitivity but reduce glucoseoxidation, state 3 respiration, and activity of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain(MRC). Mechanisms of the latter effects are unclear. The aim of this study was to determinethe mechanisms by which pioglitazone (PGZ), a member of the thiazolidinedione class ofantidiabetic agents, decreases the activity of MRC. In isolated mitochondria from mouseliver, we measured the effects of PGZ treatment on MRC complexes activity, fully-assembledcomplex I and its subunits, gene expression of complex I and III subunits, and [3H]pioglitazone binding to mitochondrial complexes. Results: (1) In vitro, PGZ decreased activity of complexes I and III of the MRC, but in vivo onlycomplex I activity was decreased in mice treated for 12 weeks with 10 mg/Kg/day of PGZ.(2) In vitro treatment of isolated liver mitochondria with PGZ disassembled complex Iresulting in the formation of several subcomplexes. In mice treated with PGZ, fullyassembled complex I was increased and two additional subcomplexes were found. Formationof supercomplexes CI+CIII2+CIVn and CI+CIII2 decreased in mouse liver mitochondriaexposed to PGZ, while formation of these supercomplexes was increased in mice treated withPGZ. Two dimensional analysis of complex I using BN/SDS-PAGE showed that in vitroPGZ induced the formation of four subcomplexes of 600 (B), 400 (C), 350 (D), and 250 (E)kDa, respectively. Subcomplexes B and C had NADH:dehydrogenase activity, whilesubcomplexes C and D contained subunits of complex I membrane arm. (3) Autoradiographyand coimmunoprecipitation assays showed [3H]PGZ binding to subunits NDUFA9,NDUFB6, and NDUFA6. (4) Treatment with PGZ increased mitochondrial gene transcriptionin mice liver and HepG2 cells. (5) In these cells, PGZ decreased intracellular ATP contentand enhanced gene expression of specific protein-1 and peroxisome-proliferator activatedreceptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha). Conclusions: PGZ binds complex I subunits, which induces disassembly of this complex, reduces itsactivity, depletes cellular ATP, and, in mice and HepG2 cells, upregulates nuclear DNAencodedgene expression of complex I and III subunits.
    Electronic ISSN: 1741-7007
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
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    LGA-newborn from patients with pregestational obesity present reduced adiponectin-mediated vascular relaxation and endothelial dysfunction in fetoplacental arteries (2018)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-28
    Description: Maternal obesity is associated with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) neonates and programming of obesity-related cardiovascular disease in the offspring, however, the mechanisms that lead to the later are unclear. Presently, interpretations of NO-dependent changes in vascular function in LGA newborn from obese mothers are conflicting. Adiponectin improves endothelial function by increasing eNOS activity and NO production. We propose that LGAs from obese mothers present a diminished vascular response to adiponectin; thus, affecting eNOS and AMPK activation. Chorionic arteries, umbilical cord and primary cultures of umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAEC) were collected at term (〉38 wks) from uncomplicated singleton pregnancies of LGA and adequate-for-gestational (AGA) newborn. Vascular reactivity of chorionic plate arteries was assessed by wire myography. mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 in HUAEC was determined by qPCR. Protein expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, AMPK, phospho-AMPKα Thr172 , eNOS and phospho-eNOS Ser1177 after stimulation with AdipoRon was determined by Western Blot. Maximal adiponectin-induced chorionic artery relaxation in LGAs was diminished compared to control. In vitro studies showed no differences in expression of AdipoRs, total AMPK and, eNOS activation between groups; however, higher expression of total eNOS and AMPK activation in HUAEC of LGA relative to AGAs were observed. LGA HUAEC showed diminished NO production and eNOS activity compared to AGA in response to AdipoRon but no changes in AMPK activation. Placental endothelium of LGAs shows a diminished vascular response to adiponectin. Moreover, eNOS activation and adiponectin-dependent NO production is lower in HUAEC of LGA from obese mothers, indicating they present dysfuncional placental-endothelial responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Macrophage Recruitment Contributes to Regeneration of Mechanosensory Hair Cells in the Zebrafish Lateral Line (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-01-12
    Description: In vertebrates, damage to mechanosensory hair cells elicits an inflammatory response, including rapid recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. While hair cells in amniotes usually become permanently lost, they readily regenerate in lower vertebrates such as fish. Damage to hair cells of the fish lateral line is followed by inflammation and rapid regeneration; however the role of immune cells in this process remains unknown. Here, we show that recruited macrophages are required for normal regeneration of lateral line hair cells after copper damage. We found that genetic ablation or local ablation using clodronate liposomes of macrophages recruited to the site of injury, significantly delays hair cell regeneration. Neutrophils, on the other hand, are not needed for this process. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for a more detailed description of extrinsic signals important for regeneration of mechanosensory cells in vertebrates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    "Oasis de neblina" en los cerros costeros del sur de Iquique, región de Tarapacá, Chile, durante el evento El Niño 1997-1998 (2001)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0716-078X
    Electronic ISSN: 0717-6317
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by BioMed Central
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