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  • Wiley  (4)
  • AMS (American Meteorological Society)  (2)
  • AtlantOS Ocean Best Practices Working Group  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-07-05
    Description: The evolution of the stratification of the north-western Mediterranean between summer 2012 and the end of winter 2013 was simulated and compared with different sets of observations. A summer cruise and profiler observations were used to improve the initial conditions of the simulation. This improvement was crucial to simulate winter convection. Variations of some parameters involved in air - sea exchanges (wind, coefficient of transfer used in the latent heat flux formulation, and constant additive heat flux) showed that the characteristics of water masses and the volume of dense water formed during convection cannot be simply related to the time-integrated buoyancy budget over the autumn - winter period. The volume of dense water formed in winter was estimated to be about 50,000 km 3 with a density anomaly larger than 29.113 kg m −3 . The effect of advection and air/sea fluxes on the heat and salt budget of the convection zone was quantified during the preconditioning phase and the mixing period. Destratification of the surface layer in autumn occurs through an interaction of surface and Ekman buoyancy fluxes associated with displacements of the North Balearic front bounding the convection zone to the south. During winter convection, advection stratifies the convection zone: from December to March, the absolute value of advection represents 58% of the effect of surface buoyancy fluxes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33 (1). pp. 75-87.
    Publication Date: 2018-04-11
    Description: Two large-scale free-drifting isobaric-floats experiments, “SOFARGOS”/Marine Science and Technology Programme, phase 2 (MAST2) and Mass Transfer and Ecosystem Response (MATER)/MAST3, undertaken in 1994–95 in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea and in 1997–98 in the Algerian Basin, respectively, have revealed for the first time that Western Mediterranean Deep Water, newly formed by deep convection in the Gulf of Lion (the so-called Medoc site), can be advected several hundreds of kilometers away from the formation area by anticyclonic submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs). This behavior implies that SCVs participate actively in the large-scale thermohaline circulation and deep ventilation of the western Mediterranean Sea. These SCVs are characterized by small radius (5 km), very low potential vorticity, high aspect ratio (0.1), and extended lifetime (〉0.5 yr).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Since 2010, an intense effort in the collection of in situ observations has been carried out in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea thanks to gliders, profiling floats, regular cruises, and mooring lines. This integrated observing system enabled a year-to-year monitoring of the deep waters formation that occurred in the Gulf of Lions area during four consecutive winters (2010–2013). Vortical structures remnant of wintertime deep vertical mixing events were regularly sampled by the different observing platforms. These are Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs) characterized by a small radius (∼5–8 km), strong depth-intensified orbital velocities (∼10–20 cm s−1) with often a weak surface signature, high Rossby (∼0.5) and Burger numbers O(0.5–1). Anticyclones transport convected waters resulting from intermediate (∼300 m) to deep (∼2000 m) vertical mixing. Cyclones are characterized by a 500–1000 m thick layer of weakly stratified deep waters (or bottom waters that cascaded from the shelf of the Gulf of Lions in 2012) extending down to the bottom of the ocean at ∼2500 m. The formation of cyclonic eddies seems to be favored by bottom-reaching convection occurring during the study period or cascading events reaching the abyssal plain. We confirm the prominent role of anticyclonic SCVs and shed light on the important role of cyclonic SCVs in the spreading of a significant amount (∼30%) of the newly formed deep waters away from the winter mixing areas. Since they can survive until the following winter, they can potentially have a great impact on the mixed layer deepening through a local preconditioning effect.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43 (4). pp. 805-823.
    Publication Date: 2018-04-12
    Description: Mesoscale anticyclonic eddies in the Irminger Sea are observed using a mooring and a glider. Between 2002 and 2009, the mooring observed 53 anticyclones. Using a kinematic model, objective estimates of eddy length scales and velocity structure are made for 16 eddies. Anticyclones had a mean core diameter of 12 km, and their mean peak observed azimuthal speed was 0.1 m s(-1). They had core salinities and potential temperatures of 34.91-34.98 and 4.488-5.34 degrees C, respectively, making them warm and salty features. These properties represent a typical salinity anomaly of 0.03 and a temperature anomaly of 0.28 degrees C from noneddy values. All eddies had small (〈〈 1) Rossby numbers. In 2006, the glider observed two anticyclones having diameters of about 20 km and peak azimuthal speeds of about 0.3 m s(-1). Similar salinity anomalies were detected throughout the Irminger Sea by floats profiling in anticyclones. Two formation regions for the eddies are identified: one to the west of the Reykjanes Ridge and the other off the East Greenland Irminger Current near Cape Farewell close to the mooring. Observations indicate that eddies formed in the former region are larger than eddies observed at the mooring. A clear increase in eddy salinity is observed between 2002 and 2009. The observed breakup of these eddies in winter implies that they are a source of salt for the central gyre. The anticyclones are similar to those found in both the Labrador Sea and Norwegian Sea, making them a ubiquitous feature of the subpolar North Atlantic basins.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: Glider measurements acquired along four transects between Cap-Vert Peninsula and the Cape Verde archipelago in the eastern tropical North Atlantic during March–April 2014 were used to investigate fine-scale stirring in an anticyclonic eddy. The anticyclone was formed near 12°N off the continental shelf and propagated northwest toward the Cape Verde islands. At depth, between 100 and –400 m, the isolated anticyclone core contained relatively oxygenated, low-salinity South Atlantic Central Water, while the surrounding water masses were saltier and poorly oxygenated. The dynamical and thermohaline subsurface environment favored the generation of fine-scale horizontal and vertical temperature and salinity structures in and around the core of the anticyclone. These features exhibited horizontal scales of O(10–30 km) relatively small with respect to the eddy radius of O(150 km). The vertical scales of O(5–100 m) were associated to density-compensated gradient. Spectra of salinity and oxygen along isopycnals revealed a slope of around k−2 in the 10- to 100-km horizontal scale range. Further analyses suggest that the fine-scale structures are likely related to tracer stirring processes. Such mesoscale anticyclonic eddies and the embedded fine-scale tracers in and around them could play a major role in the transport of South Atlantic Central Water masses and ventilation of the North Atlantic Oxygen Minimum Zone.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    AtlantOS Ocean Best Practices Working Group
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Presentation at 'Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices Workshop II, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Paris, France, 04-06 Dec 2018.'
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Not Known
    Format: 10 slides
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