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  • Springer  (268)
  • American Physical Society  (125)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements and modelling of atmospheric pollution over the Paris area: an overview of the ESQUIF Project (2000)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 18 (2000), S. 1467-1481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Atmospheric composition and structure (pollution – urban and regional; troposphere – composition and chemistry) ; Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (mesoscale meteorology)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The “Étude et Simulation de la QUalité de l’air en Ile de France” (ESQUIF) project is the first integrated project dedicated to the study of the processes leading to air pollution events over the Paris area. The project was carried out over two years (summer 1998 to winter 2000) to document all types of meteorological conditions favourable to air quality degradation, and in particular to photo oxydant formation. The goals of ESQUIF are (1) to improve our understanding of the relevant chemical and dynamical processes and, in turn, improve their parametrizations in numerical models, and (2) to improve and validate existing models dedicated to pollution analysis, scenarios and/or forecasting, by establishing a comprehensive and thorough database. We present the rationale of the ESQUIF project and we describe the experimental set-up. We also report on the first experiments which took place during the summer of 1998 involving surface networks, and remote sensing instruments as well as several aircraft. Focusing on three days of August 1998, the relative contributions of long-range transported and locally-produced ozone to the elevated ozone concentrations observed during this period are discussed and chemistry-transport model preliminary results on this period are compared to measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-000-1467-y
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Features of spatial distribution of benthic infauna in a Mediterranean shallow-water bay (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 110 (1991), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The unique hydrography of the Western Mediterranean Sea does not favour the formation of typical estuaries, although it does favour that of other land-sea systems. However, in Els Alfacs, a shallow-water bay situated in the Ebre Delta (northeast Spain), where there are considerable continental inputs, the distribution patterns of the macrofauna and the meiofauna reflect a hydrographical regime very similar to that of an estuary. During July 1987, 23 stations were sampled in the Alfacs Bay using plastic cores. The distribution pattern of the meiofauna follows a gradient and presents a less marked zonation than the macrofauna. Nevertheless, in both cases the peak densities of both faunal components are spatially separated from the principal site of freshwater inflow. The average density of the macrofauna (10 430 individuals/m2) and the meiofauna (704 100 individuals/m2) occurs in the bay during the period of maximum flow (spring-summer), and as such this bay is one of the most productive areas of the Western Mediterranean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313718
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on oocyte growth in the Mediterranean terebellid Eupolymnia nuebulosa (Annelida: Polychaeta) (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eupolymnia nebulosa (Montagu) is a widely distributed terebellid polychaete that builds its tubes on the coastal shelf in areas with mixed soft and hard bottoms. From a long-term survey in the Bay of Banyuls, France (NW Mediterranean), we found an advancement of the timing of the spawning period coincident with a delayed breakdown of the thermocline. We postulate that persistent high temperatures can influence gamete development by stimulating oocyte growth, resulting in earlier spawning. During 1992 and 1993, we used a between-individuals experimental approach to assess the possible effect of temperature on oocyte growth based on: (1) determination of the growing fraction of the oocyte population (i.e. oocyte net growth); (2) identification of differences in oocyte growth-rate among females; (3) comparison of non-significantly different size-distributions of the growing oocyte fraction (net oocyte size-distributions) at the beginning of the experiments with those at the end. No effect of temperature on oocyte growth was detectable at the population level, but a positive individual response to prolonged high temperature was evident. Thus, the lack of a significant response by the population to prolonged high temperature does not imply a lack of individual response. We propose a model of oocyte-growth dynamics based on temperature that incorporates previous observations of extended oogenesis and oocyte growth during periods of both increasing and decreasing temperature and on the scattered pattern of oocyte size-distributions at the onset of spawning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of selected surfactants on the growth characteristics of Gymnodinium breve (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 28 (1974), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth studies of Gymnodinium breve in nutrient enriched and unenriched medium showed that anionic surfactants have the most deleterious effects on initial response, growth rate, and maximum cell numbers as compared with cationic and non-ionics. Degradation rates were determined, and the surfactant with the most favorable rate (C12 alkyl-benzene sulfonate) was further tested. The growth constant, K e , and maximum cell number, N max , decreased with increasing amount of surfactant added to G. breve cultures (enriched sea-water media); a minimum was observed at 12.5 ppb. Above this concentration the values of K e and N max increased to approach control values. This profile was ascribed to the formation of surfactant micelles that are ineffective. The surfactant produced mortality of G. breve (90% mortality versus 12% in untreated samples) in natural red-tide samples, but other algae and zooplankton were undisturbed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388492
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissertation abstracts (1989)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 2 (1989), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212373
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The background primal sketch: An approach for tracking moving objects (1992)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 5 (1992), S. 17-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: active contour ; motion tracking ; moving edges ; primal sketch ; robust statistics ; snakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present an algorithm that integrates spatial and temporal information for the tracking of moving nonrigid objects. In addition, we obtain outlines of the moving objects. Three basic ingredients are employed in the proposed algorithm, namely, the background primal sketch, the threshold, and outlier maps. The background primal sketch is an edge map of the background without moving objects. If the background primal sketch is known, then edges of moving objects can be determined by comparing the edge map of the input image with the background primal sketch. A moving edge point is modeled as an outlier, that is, a pixel with an edge value differing from the background edge value in the background primal sketch by an amount larger than the threshold in the threshold map at the same physical location. The map that contains all the outliers is called the outlier map. In this paper we present techniques based on robust statistics for determining the background primal sketch, the threshold, and outlier maps. In an ideal situation the outlier map would contain the complete outlines of the moving objects. In practice, the outliers do not form closed contours. The final step of the algorithm employs an edge-guided morphological approach to generate closed outlines of the moving objects. The proposed approach has been tested on sequences of moving human blood cells (neutrophil) as well as of human body motion with encouraging results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213527
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships of biological and taxonomic characteristics to chemically mediated bioactivity in Mediterranean littoral sponges (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 287-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to detect relationships of bioactive properties (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral antimitotic and cytotoxic activities) of Mediterranean littoral sponges with some of their biological characteristics (growth habits, presence of symbiotic or epibiotic organisms, structural defences) and their systematic position. Antimitotic and cytotoxic activities were present in 80.6% and 73.6% of the species respectively, 42.2% of the species showed antibacterial activity, 29.8% were antiviral and 22.5% were antifungal. Only antiviral and antifungal activities were significantly dependent on taxonomical order, being especially important in the Axinellida. Antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activities predominated in erect forms, and were poorly represented in encrusting forms, which, however, included a higher percentage of cytotoxic and antimitotic species. Nevertheless, only antiviral activity was significantly related to growth habit. All types of activities were significantly dependent on sponge skeletal features: the highest percentages of species with cytotoxic activity were found among horny and siliceous sponges. Also, antiviral and antibacterial activities were better represented in horny sponges. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities were dependent on the presence/absence of epibionts and seemed to be more efficient as antifouling defences than antimitotic and cytotoxic activities. Only cytotoxic activity was significantly more wide-spread in species harbouring cyanophyceae. Correspondence analysis revealed that cytotoxic and antimitotic activities were both related to encrusting forms, a siliceous skeleton, occasional epibiosis and the presence of cyanophyceae. Antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activities were mainly related to erect or globular form, siliceous and horny skeleton and habitual (species-specific) epibiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347283
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on the proliferation of Gymnodinium breve and Gomphosphaeria aponina (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 41 (1977), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of temperature on the growth and proliferation of two marine microorganisms, the toxigenic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve, and a potential bio-control organism, the blue-green alga Gomphosphaeria aponina, was determined by culturing the organisms in thermal gradients established by heating and cooling the opposite ends of an aluminum bar that had been adapted to hold culture tubes. Gradients were linear and stable for the duration of each trial. There was no relationship between variations in light and growth of the organisms. Gymnodinium breve showed optimum growth at 22°C, and proliferated over a range of temperatures (17° to 30°C). Below 17°C cultures of G. breve declined in growth, and at 4°C the organisms died within 5 h. Above 31°C there was rapid decline in viability of cells, and at 33.5°C the organism died within 24 h. Gomphosphaeria aponina showed optimum growth between 24° and 29°C, with a maximum at 27°C. Growth at temperatures greater than 31°C was minimal, but the organism survived. Limitation may be due to repression of the bio-synthesis of an iron-transport compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390583
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of the feeding activity and diets of male and female cunners Tautogolabrus adspersus (Pisces: Labridae) (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 84 (1984), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The diel distribution of feeding activity during the spawning season was compared for territorial male and female cunners Tautogolabrus adspersus in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Canada between June and August, 1978. Territorial males feed significantly less often than females and concentrate their feeding activities in the morning, whereas females feed as frequently in the afternoon as in the morning. Based on the contents of alimentary tracts, territorial males, non-territorial males, and females have different diets. Since these three groups share the same habitat, the observed dietary differences probably reflect differences in their foraging behaviour. The relevance of these findings to the concept of ‘time minimizer’ and ‘energy maximizer’ is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394521
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of Gymnodinium breve to municipal waste materials (1974)
    Springer
    Marine biology 24 (1974), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of the unarmored dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve, which is the causative organism in catastrophic fish kills along the Florida Gulf coast, to enrichment with selected inorganic nutrients, municipal waste materials, and various detergent components has been determined. The biostimulatory effects of the various enrichments were determined by a modification of the Provisional Algal Assay Procedure of the Joint Industry/Government Task Force on Eutrophication. Inorganic nutrients (orthophosphate, nitrate, and ammonia) were added individually and in combination, and the results were compared to equivalent enrichments with the effluent from a secondary sewage-treatment plant. The maximum cell population, Nmax, attained could be increased 3-fold by the sew-age-treatment plant effluent or by the equivalent combination of inorganic nutrients; individually, however, the inorganic nutrients had no pronounced effect on maximum cell population, Nmax (except for a 30% increase produced by slight orthophosphate enrichment). The results of these studies indiccate that, at concentrations of orthophosphate typical of Florida coastal waters (ca. 0.10 ppm), the growth-promoting potential (as reflected by Nmax) of the medium was a linear function of the ammonia-nitrogen concentration (0.01 to 0.11 ppm). The sewage-treatment plant effluent was presumably low in detergent phosphate, having been obtained from a treatment plant some 6 months after the enactment of a ban on phosphate-containing detergents. Additions of orthophosphate or detergent-phosphate to the treatment-plant effluent did not significantly increase the observed biostimulatory effect of the waste material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391897
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