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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2951-2957 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Critical current densities Jc were measured in as-deposited, c-axis-oriented Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox thin films with Tc values as high as 97 K, which were prepared by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition. These films showed high Jc ((approximately-greater-than)109 A/m2) at 77.3 K in high magnetic fields (≥1 T, H(parallel)a-b plane). The best values are 3.3×109 A/m2 at 1 T and 9.1×108 A/m2 at 8 T, which are the highest Jc for Bi-oxide thin films among those reported so far. There were no signs of weak links in the Jc(H) behavior, and the surface morphology examined by scanning electron microscopy showed no apparent grain boundaries. The values of Jc decreased sharply when the applied field deviated from the a-b plane, and went to zero at the angles where the field component in the c direction is nearly equal to the irreversibility field Hc2* parallel to the c axis. The angular dependence of Jc of these films is most reasonably explained by the theory of intrinsic pinning.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2296-2298 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The experimental limits of micromechanical calorimetry at ambient conditions are demonstrated. In the investigation of rotator phase transitions of n alkanes we have obtained a heat sensitivity of 500 pJ for a sample mass of about 7 pg with a time resolution of 0.5 ms. The time resolution is restricted by the thermal response of the bimetallic cantilever. A problem in the precise quantification of the transition enthalpies is heat transport through the atmospheric environment. A calibration of the apparatus constant is proposed to overcome this problem. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6633-6635 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ε-MnZn alloy (disordered hcp structure) containing 15 at. % Mn seems to be ferromagnetic below about 200 K; the magnetization σ in a field H of 9.5 kOe amounts to 26 emu/g at a temperature T of 4.2 K. The σ vs T curve in lower H, however, shows a maximum, suggesting mictomagnetism. This is verified by the existence of a hump on the ac susceptibility χac vs T curve. The σ versus concentration curve shows a maximum at 15 at. % Mn. The χac vs T curves for the 12 at. % Mn alloy show a cusp at 45 K in addition to the hump between 80 and 180 K, suggesting a spin glass state. Both the cusp and the hump are suppressed by a dc magnetic field applied parallel to the ac field. The micromagnetic behavior becomes more pronounced for the Mn richer alloys which show only the hump in the χac vs T curve. The σ vs T curves exhibit a magnetic field cooling effect below a freezing temperature Tf. The values of Tf for the alloys containing 20, 30, and 45 at. % Mn are 38, 50, and 75 K, respectively. Although the antiferromagnetic interaction predominates in the Mn rich alloys, a long-range antiferromagnetic order may not be expected because of the random distribution of Mn moments. The 25 at. % Mn alloy shows strong ferromagnetism, if the atomic ordering in the hcp lattice is realized. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2826-2830 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A superlattice film of 5, 10, 15, 20 tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP; C44H30N4) and 5, 10, 15, 20 tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc (ZnTPP; C44H28N4Zn) was grown on a hydrogen terminated surface of Si (100) wafer which was kept at −25 °C. The organic molecular beam deposition technique was used for the fabrication under ultrahigh vacuum between 3×10−9 and 3×10−10 Torr. The small angle x-ray diffraction study has revealed that the period of the superlattice was 4.4 nm, which was also confirmed by the oscillation of the same period observed in a secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profile of Zn. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurement indicated that the quasi-planar molecules of H2TPP and ZnTPP were inclined at an angle of 70° with respect to the substrate surface. The film surface was very flat and any roughness could not be detected by field emission secondary electron microscope observation. An atomic force microscope (AFM) therefore was used to investigate the surface. The root mean square roughness calculated from the AFM image was 0.37 nm.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2131-2140 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dependence of the critical current density in chemical-vapor-deposited Nb3Ge tapes on tensile strain was investigated in magnetic fields up to 14 T perpendicular to the tape plane. The pinning force density Fp was found to be well represented by the strain scaling relation, Fp=c[Hc2(ε)]0.93h0.46(1−h)2.4, where Hc2(ε) is the upper critical field dependent on the applied strain ε and h is the reduced magnetic field H/Hc2(ε). For the Nb3Ge tapes studied, Hc2(ε) was found to be expressed by the form Hc2(ε)=Hc2(εm)[1−1550||ε0||1.92], where εm is the applied strain corresponding to zero intrinsic strain and ε0 is an intrinsic strain expressed by ε−εm. From the strain scaling relation, the values of the maximum upper critical field corresponding to the zero intrinsic strain, Hc2(εm), were calculated as 27.2 T for the Nb3Ge tape with 10.6-μm-thick Nb3Ge layers and a critical temperature Tc (midpoint) of 19.6 K, and 24.8 T for the Nb3Ge tape with 1.3-μm-thick Nb3Ge layers and Tc of 18.3 K. For these same tapes, the critical fields at the zero applied strain, Hc2(0), were 25.7 and 22.8 T, respectively.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The high-field magnetization process in the randomly diluted metamagnet Fe1−xMgxTiO3 has been investigated in single crystal samples with x≤0.3 by using dc magnetic fields of up to 300 kOe generated by a hybrid magnet. In contrast to the sharp metamagnetic transition along the hexagonal c axis observed in FeTiO3, the diluted compounds show a considerable smearing in the transition with increasing Mg concentration. When the field is applied along the a axis at 4.2 K, a sudden jump in magnetization occurs at 235 kOe in FeTiO3, while no anomaly is observed up to 300 kOe along the a* axis which is taken to be perpendicular to both c and a axes. The jump field is lower in the diluted compounds. For the sample with x=0.185 we have also observed an anomalous increase in magnetization along the a* axis at 270 kOe.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 800-807 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Field-orientedY1Ba2Cu3Oy samples with various values of the transport critical current density, Jc, have been prepared with various heat treatments. The Jc increased rapidly with an increase in relative sintered density of the oriented samples. The field-oriented samples with higher Jc had grains of larger sizes and better connections between the neighboring grains than the low Jc samples. The maximum values of Jc at a magnetic field of 7 T were 370 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 24 A/cm2 at 77 K. The hysteresis in the Jc-H curves at 4.2 K decreased with an increase in Jc both for an applied field H(parallel)ab plane and for H(parallel)c axis. The critical currents of the samples with higher Jc were less degraded by aging in the air for 1 year than those of the low Jc samples. The relation between the field-cooled Jc-H curves and the zero-field-cooled ones for an oriented sample with low Jc is qualitatively interpreted by the effect of the intragrain currents on the intergrain fields.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2683-2686 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have established a new measurement method to evaluate the adsorbed moisture concentrations on solid surfaces exposed to the atmosphere having high moisture content ranging from 100 ppm to a few percent. The technique is based on the variation of the electric conductivity of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. It has been found that the amount of adsorbed moisture on electropolished 316L stainless steel surface in an atmosphere with moisture concentration of 1% and 3% at 25 °C (relative humidity of 32% and 96% respectively) are 2.5× 1016 and 1.25×1017 molecules/cm2, respectively. This represents 25 and 125 molecule layers of water. The adsorbed moisture has been confirmed to reach an equilibrium level within an exposure time of 1 s.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 4095-4101 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Preionized plasma has been compared with vacuum and with neutral gas as a medium for the propagation of intense ion beams across magnetic fields. Two cusp-injection ion ring experiments have been used to study the effectiveness of these three cusp-fill media for space-charge neutralization, as shown by the subsequent spreading of the injected rings. In the ion ring experiment a (approximately-less-than)100-ns ion beam was injected into ∼20-eV plasma fills of (approximately-less-than)1012/cm3, giving much better propagation than vacuum, but not as good as 100-mTorr H2 gas. In the long-pulse ion ring experiment with (approximately-greater-than)200-ns beam rise time, plasma fill and vacuum gave similar propagation. The results suggest that for complete neutralization of space charge in ion beams propagating across magnetic fields, background media must be provided to meet certain minimum requirements of conductivity and collisionality which depend upon the beam current and rise time.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Chemical-vapor-deposited Nb3Ge tapes 2.5 mm wide with Nb3Ge layer thickness of 5–60 μm were prepared under various processing conditions. Though the depth profile of the Nb concentration in the Nb3Ge tapes determined by x-ray microanalysis was fairly uniform, with a variation less than 4 at. % for many Nb3Ge tapes, the distribution of the Nb concentration over the whole cross section of the Nb3Ge layer varied considerably, with a variation of 10–18 at. % for various Nb3Ge tapes. In this distribution, Nb concentrations at the tape edges were found to be higher than those on its sides for all of the Nb3Ge tapes prepared. The origin of this singular distribution of the composition is discussed. The Tc values for narrower tapes cut out lengthwise from the 2.5-mm-wide tapes were measured resistively. They correlated closely with the compositional distribution in the cross section of the Nb3Ge tapes. The Tc values (midpoints) of Nb3Ge tapes incorporating compositions within the Nb concentration range of 70–75 at. % were found to be near or above 20 K.
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