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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 7499-7505 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Second harmonic radiation from a silver island film may be enhanced by two orders of magnitude in multilayer structures in which the film is placed on top of a silver mirror, with an interlying quartz spacer layer of variable height. The dependence of the enhancement on spacer thickness is distinctly different for s and p polarization of the fundamental beam; minimum enhancement for p-polarized excitation coincides with an enhancement maximum for s polarization. The origin of this phenomenon is discussed in terms of stratified medium theory: It arises from an amplification of the field in the island film layer, as a consequence of coherent superposition of the multiply reflected partial waves. The excitation of localized surface plasmons in the island film is taken into account in terms of an effective dielectric constant. In agreement with symmetry arguments, the produced second harmonic radiation is predominantly p-polarized, even for s-polarized excitation. Good agreement between the model calculations and the experimentally observed thickness dependence is achieved when this tensorial character of the SHG process is taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 8046-8053 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman spectra of solid nitrogen were studied from 8 to 54 GPa at room temperature. Between 8 and 16 GPa three out of four possible lattice modes of the δ–N2 phase were observed. Above 16 GPa up to eight lattice modes can be distinguished, seven of which correspond to lattice modes observed at 15 K in the ε–N2 phase. Branching of existing lattice and vibronic modes above 20 GPa and above 40 GPa indicate additional slight structural modifications. The observed pressure shift of vibrons of the 14N–15N isotopic species appears to favor factor group effects instead of bond weakening to be responsible for the downward shift of one vibronic mode at higher pressures.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3659-3666 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polyimide was irradiated with a XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) and the ablated area and its surrounding were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy. Ring-like structures surrounding the ablated area were detected at all fluences. At fluences lower than 250 mJ/cm−2 the formation of conical structures was observed within the irradiated area. The width of the rings increases with fluence and only slightly with the number of pulses. The rings consist mainly of polycrystalline carbon with a relatively high bond angle disorder, with thickness decreasing radially from the crater edge. The thickness of the deposited carbon was determined from TEM analysis and calculated from the intensity ratios of Raman bands assigned to carbon and polyimide using a two layer model. Comparing the two results an estimate of the absorption coefficient of the deposited carbon could be obtained. On top of the cone structures carbon was detected with a higher degree of crystallinity and lower bond angle disorder as compared to the material deposited outside the crater. With energy dispersive x-ray analysis, calcium could be detected on top of the cones. Therefore, it can be assumed that the Ca impurities are causing the cone structures. The higher crystallinity of the carbon inside the irradiated area is probably due to a tempering-like process on top of the Ca compound which is heated upon laser irradiation or to a mixture of growth mechanisms similar to the ones suggested for the formation of carbon nanotubes on metal particles and carbon nanohorns without metal catalysis. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1018-1020 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser ablation at 355 nm of a specially designed polymer was used as a true single step dry-etching process to create a two-beam interference grating. Gratings with groove spacings of 180 and 1090 nm were created with single laser pulses. Moreover, by varying the laser fluence and/or the angle between the two beams, variable modulation frequencies (depth/spacing) could be obtained. Additional pulses deteriorated the grating quality, demonstrating the importance of the single pulse approach. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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