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  • 1
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    Negative linear compressibility in common materials (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-11
    Description: Negative linear compressibility (NLC) is still considered an exotic property, only observed in a few obscure crystals. The vast majority of materials compress axially in all directions when loaded in hydrostatic compression. However, a few materials have been observed which expand in one or two directions under hydrostatic compression. At present, the list of materials demonstrating this unusual behaviour is confined to a small number of relatively rare crystal phases, biological materials, and designed structures, and the lack of widespread availability hinders promising technological applications. Using improved representations of elastic properties, this study revisits existing databases of elastic constants and identifies several crystals missed by previous reviews. More importantly, several common materials—drawn polymers, certain types of paper and wood, and carbon fibre laminates—are found to display NLC. We show that NLC in these materials originates from the misalignment of polymers/fibres. Using a beam model, we propose that maximum NLC is obtained for misalignment of 26°. The existence of such widely available materials increases significantly the prospects for applications of NLC.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    “Treasure maps” for magnetic high-entropy-alloys from theory and experiment (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-07
    Description: The critical temperature and saturation magnetization for four- and five-component FCC transition metal alloys are predicted using a formalism that combines density functional theory and a magnetic mean-field model. Our theoretical results are in excellent agreement with experimental data presented in both this work and in the literature. The generality and power of this approach allow us to computationally design alloys with well-defined magnetic properties. Among other alloys, the method is applied to CoCrFeNiPd alloys, which have attracted attention recently for potential magnetic applications. The computational framework is able to predict the experimentally measured T C and to explore the dominant mechanisms for alloying trends with Pd. A wide range of ferromagnetic properties and Curie temperatures near room temperature in hitherto unexplored alloys is predicted in which Pd is replaced in varying degrees by, e.g., Ag, Au, and Cu.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Moderate positive spin Hall angle in uranium (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-10
    Description: We report measurements of spin pumping and the inverse spin Hall effect in Ni 80 Fe 20 /uranium bilayers designed to study the efficiency of spin-charge interconversion in a super-heavy element. We employ broad-band ferromagnetic resonance on extended films to inject a spin current from the Ni 80 Fe 20 (permalloy) into the uranium layer, which is then converted into an electric field by the inverse spin Hall effect. Surprisingly, our results suggest a spin mixing conductance of order 2 × 10 19  m −2 and a positive spin Hall angle of 0.004, which are both merely comparable with those of several transition metals. These results thus support the idea that the electronic configuration may be at least as important as the atomic number in governing spin pumping across interfaces and subsequent spin Hall effects. In fact, given that both the magnitude and the sign are unexpected based on trends in d-electron systems, materials with unfilled f-electron orbitals may hold additional exploration avenues for spin physics.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on: A corrected exponential power series expansion of the position matrix elements of the time evolution operator for a system in the presence of a vector potential (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 4682-4683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460580
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete sets of functions for perturbations of Robertson Walker cosmologies (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 1415-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Crucial to a knowledge of the perturbations of Robertson Walker cosmological models is a knowledge of complete sets of functions with which to expand such perturbations. For the open Robertson Walker cosmology, this question will be completely answered. In addition, some observations will be made concerning explicit solution by separation of variables of wave equations for spin s in a Riemannan space having an infinitesmal line element of which the Robertson Walker models are a special case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529296
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superintegrability and associated polynomial solutions: Euclidean space and the sphere in two dimensions (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6439-6467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this work we examine the basis functions for those classical and quantum mechanical systems in two dimensions which admit separation of variables in at least two coordinate systems. We do this for the corresponding systems defined in Euclidean space and on the two-dimensional sphere. We present all of these cases from a unified point of view. In particular, all of the special functions that arise via variable separation have their essential features expressed in terms of their zeros. The principal new results are the details of the polynomial bases for each of the nonsubgroup bases, not just the subgroup Cartesian and polar coordinate cases, and the details of the structure of the quadratic algebras. We also study the polynomial eigenfunctions in elliptic coordinates of the n-dimensional isotropic quantum oscillator. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531786
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Series solutions for the Dirac equation in Kerr–Newman space-time (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 33 (1992), S. 286-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The Dirac equation is solved for an electron in a Kerr–Newman geometry using an adaptation of the procedure of Chandrasekhar. The corresponding eigenfunctions obtained can be represented as series of Jacobi polynomials. The spectrum of eigenvalues can be calculated using continued fraction techniques. Representations for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are obtained for various ranges of the parameters appearing in the Kerr–Newman metric. Some comments concerning the bag model of nucleons are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529963
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extremal dynamics: A unifying physical explanation of fractals, 1/f noise, and activated processes (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2617-2628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of physical systems whose observable properties depend upon random exceedances of critical parameters are quantitatively examined. Using extreme value theory, the dynamical behavior of this broad class of systems is derived. This class of systems can exhibit two characteristic signatures: generalized activation when far from equilibrium and noise with a characteristic power spectrum (including 1/f ) when in quasiequilibrium. Fractal structures can also arise from these systems. It is thus demonstrated that generalized activation, noise, and fractals, in some cases, are simply different manifestations of a single common dynamical principle, which is termed "extremal dynamics.'' Examples of physical processes governed by extremal dynamics are discussed, including data loss of nonvolatile memories and dielectric breakdown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353079
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hall-effect measurement and a defect model analysis of surface-potential changes in GaAs (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 7635-7637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently, increases of the surface potential in n-type epitaxial GaAs after NH4OH treatment studied using Hall-effect measurements, were reported. In this work, complementary results for p-type samples show decreases in band bending, again in agreement with the predictions of the advanced unified defect (AUD) model for the surface-interface states. From this and other data, a working mathematical model based on the AUD model is developed. Probable values for its parameters are determined which suggest a physically reasonable mechanism to explain the surface-potential changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350364
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of variables on n-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. I. The n-sphere Sn and Euclidean n-space Rn (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 1721-1736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The following problem is solved: What are all the "different'' separable coordinate systems for the Laplace–Beltrami eigenvalue equation on the n-sphere Sn and Euclidean n-space Rn and how are they constructed? This is achieved through a combination of differential geometric and group theoretic methods. A graphical procedure for construction of these systems is developed that generalizes Vilenkin's construction of polyspherical coordinates. The significance of these results for exactly soluble dynamical systems on these manifolds is pointed out. The results are also of importance for the analysis of the special functions appearing in the separable solutions of the Laplace–Beltrami eigenvalue equation on these manifolds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.527088
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