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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3376-3378 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scanning tunneling microscope was used to mechanically "mill'' nanometer flat areas of up to 1600 μm2 on high temperature superconducting (HTS) films of YBa2Cu3O7−x which were originally formed by laser ablation. Flatness to a standard deviation of 2 nm in height was found to be characteristic of milled areas. It was subsequently possible to mill trenches and ditches onto these flat areas. Scanning tunneling measurements of the exposed layered structure of the milled HTS surface are also reported. Surface modifications are also possible by the application of voltage pulse to the tunneling tip. The combination of electrical pulses and milling offer a possibility of mixed electromechanical patterning of the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1181-1183 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silver pillars, 10–30 nm in diameter and 4–10 nm in height, were generated on graphite surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope. These structures were produced following the application of tip(+), 6 V×50 μs bias pulses in dilute, aqueous silver fluoride. A pit on the graphite surface is formed during the first 5μs of the pulse, followed by nucleation and electrochemical deposition of silver at this pit. This two-step mechanism allows silver pillars to be located with a high lateral precision on the graphite surface−independent of the proximity of the tip to preexisting nucleation sites such as step edges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1119-1121 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The time evolution of the topography of an oxidized Si(111) surface immersed in an aqueous 40% NH4F etching solution is investigated ex situ by STM. The topography of a rough oxide layer of thickness ≈24 A(ring) becomes smoother as this layer is thinned. An exposure of 75 s completely removes the surface oxide and a minimum obtainable roughness of ≈1.4 A(ring) rms is observed ≈15 s, hence. With continued etching, two processes—etching of the silicon surface and gas evolution—operate in conjunction to produce pillars of silicon at locations on the Si(111) surface which are shielded from etching by adsorbed gas bubbles. Gas evolution and roughening are suppressed by the addition of the reductant NaCNBH3 (0.50%) to the etching solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-09-18
    Description: Electrostatic forces enormously impact the structure, interactions, and function of biomolecules. We perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations for 5 proteins and 5 RNAs to determine the dependence on ionic strength of the ion and water charge distributions surrounding the biomolecules, as well as the contributions of ions to the electrostatic free energy of interaction between the biomolecule and the surrounding salt solution (for a total of 40 different biomolecule/solvent combinations). Although water provides the dominant contribution to the charge density distribution and to the electrostatic potential even in 1M NaCl solutions, the contributions of water molecules and of ions to the total electrostatic interaction free energy with the solvated biomolecule are comparable. The electrostatic biomolecule/solvent interaction energies and the total charge distribution exhibit a remarkable insensitivity to salt concentrations over a huge range of salt concentrations (20 mM to 1M NaCl). The electrostatic potentials near the biomolecule's surface obtained from the MD simulations differ markedly, as expected, from the potentials predicted by continuum dielectric models, even though the total electrostatic interaction free energies are within 11% of each other.
    Electronic ISSN: 1931-9223
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: Electrostatic forces enormously impact the structure, interactions, and function of biomolecules. We perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations for 5 proteins and 5 RNAs to determine the dependence on ionic strength of the ion and water charge distributions surrounding the biomolecules, as well as the contributions of ions to the electrostatic free energy of interaction between the biomolecule and the surrounding salt solution (for a total of 40 different biomolecule/solvent combinations). Although water provides the dominant contribution to the charge density distribution and to the electrostatic potential even in 1M NaCl solutions, the contributions of water molecules and of ions to the total electrostatic interaction free energy with the solvated biomolecule are comparable. The electrostatic biomolecule/solvent interaction energies and the total charge distribution exhibit a remarkable insensitivity to salt concentrations over a huge range of salt concentrations (20 mM to 1M NaCl). The electrostatic potentials near the biomolecule's surface obtained from the MD simulations differ markedly, as expected, from the potentials predicted by continuum dielectric models, even though the total electrostatic interaction free energies are within 11% of each other.
    Electronic ISSN: 1931-9223
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-09-18
    Description: Electrostatic forces enormously impact the structure, interactions, and function of biomolecules. We perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations for 5 proteins and 5 RNAs to determine the dependence on ionic strength of the ion and water charge distributions surrounding the biomolecules, as well as the contributions of ions to the electrostatic free energy of interaction between the biomolecule and the surrounding salt solution (for a total of 40 different biomolecule/solvent combinations). Although water provides the dominant contribution to the charge density distribution and to the electrostatic potential even in 1M NaCl solutions, the contributions of water molecules and of ions to the total electrostatic interaction free energy with the solvated biomolecule are comparable. The electrostatic biomolecule/solvent interaction energies and the total charge distribution exhibit a remarkable insensitivity to salt concentrations over a huge range of salt concentrations (20 mM to 1M NaCl). The electrostatic potentials near the biomolecule's surface obtained from the MD simulations differ markedly, as expected, from the potentials predicted by continuum dielectric models, even though the total electrostatic interaction free energies are within 11% of each other.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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