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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The results of an experimental investigation of electron beam spectral distribution after interaction with external electromagnetic waves in an undulator are given. The initial electron energy was 12 MeV, external electromagnetic wave power was 50 MW, the wavelength being 10 μm. A helical 20-cm-long undulator with a period length of 9.5 mm was used. The dependence of spectral distribution maximum change on undulator magnetic field strength was measured. The results are in good agreement with estimated findings taking into account the real parameters of the experimental setup. Electron energy maximum change was ±20 keV which is a result of electron acceleration or deceleration by the electromagnetic wave in the undulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-09-24
    Description: We have performed direct numerical calculations of the kinetics of relaxation in the system of surfactant spherical micelles under joint action of the molecular mechanism with capture and emission of individual surfactant molecules by molecular aggregates and the mechanism of fusion and fission of the aggregates. As a basis, we have taken the difference equations of aggregation and fragmentation in the form of the generalized kinetic Smoluchowski equations for aggregate concentrations. The calculations have been made with using the droplet model of molecular surfactant aggregates and two modified Smoluchowski models for the coefficients of aggregate-monomer and aggregate-aggregate fusions which take into account the effects of the aggregate size and presence of hydrophobic spots on the aggregate surface. A full set of relaxation times and corresponding relaxation modes for nonequilibrium aggregate distribution in the aggregation number has been found. The dependencies of these relaxation times and modes on the total concentration of surfactant in the solution and the special parameter controlling the probability of fusion in collisions of micelles with other micelles have been studied.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-10-22
    Description: Involving the idea for the Biermann effect known from space physics as well as recent discussions on non-ambipolarity of the electron and ion fluxes in low-pressure discharges, the study builds the discharge pattern in a source with localized RF power deposition outside the region of high electron density. A vortex dc current flowing in an RF discharge and a steady-state magnetic field induced by this current govern the discharge behavior. Owing to a shift in the positions of the electron-density and plasma-potential maxima, the dc current is driven with the purpose of keeping the conservativity of the dc field in the discharge. The results present the spatial structure of a discharge in a regime of non-ambipolarity of the electron and ion fluxes, including its modifications by the magnetic field.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2015-10-06
    Description: Localized electron heating of magnetic reconnection was studied under strong guide-field using two merging spherical tokamak plasmas in the University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak experiment. Our new slide-type two-dimensional Thomson scattering system is documented for the first time the electron heating localized around the X-point. Shape of the high electron temperature area does not agree with that of energy dissipation term E t · j t . If we include a guide-field effect term B t / ( B p + α B t ) for E t · j t , the energy dissipation area becomes localized around the X-point, suggesting that the electrons are accelerated by the reconnection electric field parallel to the magnetic field and thermalized around the X-point.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-08-09
    Description: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix of coefficients of the linearized kinetic equations applied to aggregation in surfactant solution determine the full spectrum of characteristic times and specific modes of micellar relaxation. The dependence of these relaxation times and modes on the total surfactant concentration has been analyzed for concentrations in the vicinity and well above the second critical micelle concentration (cmc 2 ) for systems with coexisting spherical and cylindrical micelles. The analysis has been done on the basis of a discrete form of the Becker-Döring kinetic equations employing the Smoluchowsky diffusion model for the attachment rates of surfactant monomers to surfactant aggregates with matching the rates for spherical aggregates and the rates for large cylindrical micelles. The equilibrium distribution of surfactant aggregates in solution has been modeled as having one maximum for monomers, another maximum for spherical micelles and wide slowly descending branch for cylindrical micelles. The results of computations have been compared with the analytical ones known in the limiting cases from solutions of the continuous Becker-Döring kinetic equation. They demonstrated a fair agreement even in the vicinity of the cmc 2 where the analytical theory looses formally its applicability.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: The development of the two-dimensional fluid-plasma model of a low-pressure hydrogen discharge, presented in the study, is regarding description of the plasma maintenance in a discharge vessel with the configuration of the SPIDER source. The SPIDER source, planned for the neutral-beam-injection plasma-heating system of ITER, is with localized high RF power deposition to its eight drivers (cylindrical-coil inductive discharges) and a large-area second chamber, common for all the drivers. The continuity equations for the charged particles (electrons and the three types of positive ions) and for the neutral species (atoms and molecules), their momentum equations, the energy balance equations for electrons, atoms and molecules and the Poisson equations are involved in the discharge description. In addition to the local processes in the plasma volume, the surface processes of particle reflection and conversion on the walls as well as for a heat exchange with the walls are included in the model. The analysis of the results stresses on the role of the fluxes (particle and energy fluxes) in the formation of the discharge structure. The conclusion is that the discharge behavior is completely obeyed to non-locality. The latter is displayed by: (i) maximum values of plasma parameters (charged particle densities and temperatures of the neutral species) outside the region of the RF power deposition, (ii) shifted maxima of the electron density and temperature, of the plasma potential and of the electron production, (iii) an electron flux, with a vortex structure, strongly exceeding the total ion flux which gives evidence of a discharge regime of non-ambipolarity and (iv) a spatial distribution of the densities of the neutral species resulting from their fluxes.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3848-3852 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The axial distributions of electrons, atomic and molecular ions as well as metastable atoms in an argon ultrahigh frequency (UHF) discharge at a moderate pressure sustained by a traveling electromagnetic wave have been theoretically obtained. The dependence between the absorbed wave power and the electron density necessary for plasma modeling has been numerically derived by taking into account both direct and step-wise ionization processes. The inclusion of step-wise ionization process leads to a lower electron temperature comparing to that calculated under the assumption that only the direct ionization takes place. The results have been compared with the experimental data for an UHF argon plasma at 1.8 Torr. A better agreement is achieved when the ionization by metastable–metastable collisions is taken into account together with the step-wise ionization. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4887-4891 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructure of lead titanate zirconate and PbTiO3-based ceramics is investigated with thermal waves. The photoacoustic data obtained by a gas-microphone method show the presence of thermal-wave diffraction within the samples. The comparison with scanning electron micrographs allows the influence of the grain size and the volume of the glassy phase on the photoacoustic signal to be determined. The influence of the thermal parameters is also discussed. Analysis of the photoacoustic behavior of the investigated ceramic samples is made using the Opsal–Rosencwaig theory.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 1927-1927 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 27 (1986), S. 883-899 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the groups SL(4,R) and GL(4,R) and their universal cover− ing groups SL(4,R) and GL(4,R), respectively, and Lie algebras sl(4,R) and gl(4,R), respectively, are studied. The parabolic subgroups and subalgebras are identified and the cuspidal parabolic subgroups singled out. The Iwasawa and Bruhat decompositions are given explicitly. All elementary representations (ER) of SL(4,R) are explicitly given in two equivalent realizations. Using the preceding detailed structural analysis the SL(4,R) constructions are used for the explicit realization of all ER of SL(4,R), GL(4,R), and GL(4,R). The results shall be applied (among other things) elsewhere for the construction of all irreducible representations of the above groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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