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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of the magnetic leakage fields from nanoparticles by Fresnel projection microscopy (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 975-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic leakage fields from the poles of magnetic nanoparticles down to 105–106 spins, isolated or situated at the edges of clusters, are observed with Fresnel projection microscopy by the presence of interference fringes generated by the magnetic phase shifts in the imaging electron beam. The particle shapes and localization of fringes are imaged simultaneously with nanometer spatial resolution at ∼200 V. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120614
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local structural and polar Kerr effect measurements on an ultrathin epitaxial Co wedge grown on Pd(111) (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1360-1367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Pd/Co double layer has been grown epitaxially in ultrahigh vacuum on a Pd(111) single crystal, with the Co in the shape of a wedge of thickness varying from 0 to 10 monolayers (ML). The polar magneto-optical Kerr effect has been used to make a nearly continuous set of measurements of the magnetic properties as a function of Co thickness tCo. The coercive fields Hc and nucleation fields Hn show large, well-defined maxima at tCo∼2.3 ML. Between 4 and 9 ML, we find that Hc falls with increasing thickness according to a tCo−5/2 dependence. The Kerr ellipticity and Kerr rotation depend linearly on Co thickness above ∼2 ML Co, but show appreciable offsets when extrapolated to tCo=0. These offsets are clear evidence of the polarization of Pd near the interfaces. Extensive in situ growth studies of the structure of the films are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354061
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial Co films on a Pd (111) single crystal : 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct−1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5640-5642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed magnetic studies were made of ultrathin epitaxial Pd/Co bilayers grown by evaporation in UHV on a Pd(111) single crystal. The magnetic properties were studied by polar Kerr hysteresis loops, vibrating sample magnetometry, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 10 and 34 GHz. The 10-GHz measurements were carried out from room temperature to 1.6 K. The effective anisotropy fields were determined from the FMR. All the magnetic measurements showed that Co films thinner than ∼9 monolayers had an easy magnetization axis perpendicular to the film plane. It was deduced that the first-order uniaxial interface and volume anisotropy constants were, respectively, 0.8±0.05 mJ/m2 and (4 ± 1) × 105 J/m3 at room temperature. The dependence of the FMR lineshape on the angles of the applied fields was analyzed by calculating the FMR response. The observed effects could be explained by allowing for a spread in the magnetic anisotropy throughout the sample.〈lz〉 〈lz〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348940
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State-of-the-art time-resolved emission Mössbauer spectrometer (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 108-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on the design, construction, and operation of a time-resolved emission Mössbauer spectrometer which has as its central component a microcomputer for data recording and manipulation. The philosophy of data acquisition affords previously unrealized flexibility in data handling and spectral analysis in both the time and frequency domains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138472
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-energy spherical grating monochromator for soft x rays at the Daresbury SRS (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4349-4353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A vertically dispersing high-energy spherical grating monochromator (HESGM) has been installed on the synchrotron radiation source (SRS) at the Daresbury Laboratory. The instrument has no entrance slit and provides a high intensity source of x rays of energy 250–1400 eV focused into a small spot suitable for surface spectroscopy. Photoabsorption features of 240 meV have been resolved, but the resolution of the instrument is dependent on the SRS stored beam current. The degree of linear polarization has been measured at the carbon K edge to be 0.80.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The high energy spherical grating monochromator−A new source of soft x rays at Daresbury (abstract) : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1341-1341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article we report the characteristics of the new High Energy Spherical Grating Monochromator beam line on the SRS. The instrument, which has no entrance slit, was designed to provide high photon flux with small spot size, in the energy range covering the 1s binding energies of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine. Radiation from a bending magnet is horizontally focused onto the exit slit by a long, Pt-coated meridian cylinder (R=299 m, 2 mrad horiz. aperture, 2° glancing angle). The light is vertically diffracted and focused by one of three interchangeable spherical gratings (1050, 1500, and 1800 lines mm−1) operating in negative order. Finally, the light is refocused by an ellipsoidal mirror. The photon flux, determined with copper and carbon photocathodes, is presented for the three gratings. Useful flux is obtained in the range 250–1200 eV, with intensity maxima for each grating at 600, 700, and 800 eV of 11, 9, and 5×1010 photons s−1 per 100-mA stored beam into a band pass of 0.05%. The influence of contaminants which are present on the optical elements is discussed, together with details of beam line operating conditions which minimize the build up of such contaminants. Photoabsorption and photoemission measurements indicate a high (up to 30%) second order and some third order light content. Resolution determinations obtained from photoabsorption measurements are presented. Although features as narrow as 250 meV have been resolved, the resolving power of the instrument is found to depend strongly on stored beam current. We suggest this may be due to electron beam (i.e., source) blow-up. We critically discuss the suitability of the new facility for surface EXAFS of low Z adsorbates, in particular above the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen 1s edges, using examples from recent studies which have been undertaken on the beamline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143064
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perpendicular anisotropy at the (001) surface of bulk Fe single crystals (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5337-5339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used ferromagnetic resonance to measure the perpendicular surface anisotropy constant Ks on ultrahigh vacuum prepared bulk Fe single crystals covered by epitaxial Au and Ag overlayers and exposed to air. We find Ks∼0.5 ergs/cm2 for Au on Fe, Ks∼0.7 ergs/cm2 for Ag on Fe, and Ks〉1 ergs/cm2 for an exposed Fe surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342363
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering magnetic materials on the atomic scale (invited) (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3721-3728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) systems and the use of atomic beams for deposition of atoms layer by layer combine to make possible the creation of new materials. The applications to metallic magnetism are gaining increasing attention. The building of sandwiches of magnetic and nonmagnetic layers should lead to increased understanding of the propagation of spin polarization through metals and the effects of finite thickness on the ground state properties and the thermodynamics of magnetic materials. The most important step in this process is in the first layer, i.e., the preparation of the substrate and the determination of the quality of the interface and of the overlayer. The techniques of surface science, e.g., residual gas analysis (RGA), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) are essential for the characterization of the interface. Illustrations of these include our own work on body-centered-cubic Ni deposited epitaxially on (100)Fe with and without intermediate epitaxial Au layers and with and without Au cover layers, studied using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The engineering of new magnetic phases takes into account the tendency of increased atomic volume to enhance magnetic moments. Epitaxy can be used to create negative pressures. New phases of Mn have been formed using the (0001) surface of Ru as a template for expanded structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338672
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large surface anisotropies in ultrathin films of bcc and fcc Fe(001) (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 3863-3868 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large uniaxial anisotropies associated with interfaces are observed for ultrathin films (3-28 ML) of bcc Fe(001) grown epitaxially on Ag(001) single-crystal substrates and for epitaxial sandwiches of fcc Fe(001) grown with three layers of Fe using Cu as substrate and coverlayers. The uniaxial anisotropy is well described by a pseudosurface anisotropy term as theoretically predicted, yet that theory also predicts large in-plane anisotropies that are not observed. Adequate treatment of spin-orbit coupling in magnetic theories remains a challenge. Comparisons of ultrathin films of bcc Fe(001) on Ag(001) with different coverlayers of Ag or Au show subtle differences in magnetic behavior as studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering (BLS). The FMR measurements were carried out at 9.6, 36.6, and 73 GHz microwave frequencies. The BLS measurements were performed using a six-pass Fabry–Perot interferometer. The power of the techniques of molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) for producing well-characterized interfaces is stressed. Growths at 140 K are compared with those at 300 K to show the limited role of interdiffusion. Oscillations in the intensity of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) are exploited in the characterization of growth. Comparison of the properties of films grown on perfect iron whisker surfaces with results for mosaic single-crystal substrates show that, while the former are much to be preferred for growth studies, the latter are really adequate for magnetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340589
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Realization of an axially aligned Au-ion source of atomic size (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1332-1334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanotips are high-brightness electron sources with a principal characteristic source-size of one atom. We explore here nanotips as a type of atom-size source of Au ions. Conditions were found for a reproducible fabrication of a single Au nanotip on the principal axis of a W-base tip that emitted a beam of Au exclusively from its apex. The measured source characteristics were (i) the atomic-size source; (ii) currents: 10−14–1012 A; (iii) stability: 5 h; (iv) beam opening angle: 3.2°; and (v) energy dispersion 〈1 eV. First focusing experiments showed crossover and that the entire emitted beam was focused. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124684
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