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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9961-9966 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Singly charged cations of silver atoms and clusters (Agn+, n=1,3,5,7,9) were deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates at well-controlled, various collision energies. The total amount of Ag atoms remaining on the substrates after collision was quantified by measuring the Ag 3d5/2 photoelectron intensities. The collision energy dependence of the amount of deposited Ag atoms revealed that, for all the species, there are three distinct energy regions, for which soft landing, rebounding, or implantation is a dominant process, and that the energy ranges for the processes strongly depend on the cluster size. The deposition efficiency vs collision energy curve for each cluster is well fitted to that for Ag1, by considering the difference between the contact area of Ag1 with the surface and that of the cluster, reflecting the compactness of the clusters. Boundaries between the different deposition regimes for the clusters were less distinct than those for Ag1. Considering anisotropy in shape of a cluster, deposition efficiency around the implantation threshold was calculated, which well explains the indistinctness of the threshold observed in the experimental data. This supports the picture that the energy given to a unit surface area determines the collision process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 131-136 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Soft materials have long been sought after for use in devices such as actuators, artificial muscles, separators, switches, sensors, memories, and so forth. We developed a soft, optically transparent material using polymer gels that can not only be activated by visible light (switched on) but also deactivated (switched off) by altering the local environment using three different means: pH, temperature, and light. This copolymer gel is a covalently cross-linked network of N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium acrylate, and a chromophore, which is found to undergo phase transitions exhibiting large hysteresis in the degree of swelling in response to pH, temperature, and light. In each system, between the transitions for swelling and shrinking, the gel can show either a swollen or a collapsed state, which can be selected according to the history of the variables. It has been established that a thermoresponsive gel with chromophore exhibits a local volume phase transition upon illumination with visible light. By making use of this phenomenon, we have successfully controlled the phase in which a gel exists with visible light: Without light illumination the gel stays in the swollen state. Upon illumination beyond a threshold intensity, however, a volume transition is locally induced, thereby forming a material in which both phases coexist stably for at least several hours after the light source has been removed. The phenomenological stability of the material in the coexistence state is discussed on the basis of the Landau theory. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5767-5767 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bloch line (BL) propagation with a field-access scheme is necessary for the memory with low power consumption and high storage density. Previously we reported the field-access propagation using Co-Pt bit patterns.1 In these propagation patterns, (a) the drive field margins depend on the BL propagating direction to the magnetized direction of Co-Pt patterns and (b) the operating bias field margins are different at each corner of the stripe domain. The purpose of this paper is to solve these two problems. A new propagation method has been investigated using film thickness modulation patterns.2 The materials used here were magnetic bubble garnet films with composition of (YSmLuCa)3(FeGe)5O12. Fundamental characteristics of the samples are as follows: saturation induction 4πMs 200 G, anisotropy field Hk 1700 Oe, stripe width w and thickness h 5 μm. The thickness modulation patterns with an amplitude of about 1000 A were fabricated with the ion milling method. The stripe domains were stabilized around the 100% etched grooves, and aligned with 18 μm period. BL pair was propagated in the all part of the stripe domain walls at 500 kHz frequency, applying the triangular bias pulsed field with 50 ns rise time and 1000 ns fall time. As the result of the experiments, it has been found that the drive field margins are independent of BL propagation direction and the difference in the operating bias field margins at the each corner of the stripe domain becomes smaller. The BL propagation around the stripe domain was achieved with 5% bias field margin at the drive field of 8.5 Oe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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