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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A systematic investigation and characterization of interfacial hydrated n-alkane films by total internal multiple reflection (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 1021-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present the first systematic investigation by the technique of total internal optical reflection of a homologous series of low molecular weight alkanes adsorbed as hydrated films on a glass surface. The detected optical signals for these hydrated alkanes can be shown to depend empirically on the square of their molar refractivity times an optical depolarization scaling parameter. Relative scattering cross-section measurements between a hydrated film of methane and a water film allowed for an estimate to be made of the number of water molecules which surround the methane molecule in the "cage-like'' hydrate structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.448569
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical detection and comparison of rare gas clathrate hydrate interfacial films with those of the simple n-alkane series (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 5998-6000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stable rare gas clathrate hydrate films adsorbed on a glass surface have been successfully produced under saturated air–gas dynamic equilibrium flow conditions at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. With the exception of helium, these structures could be detected by transmittance changes employing the technique of total internal multiple reflection. It is shown experimentally that the measured transmittance variations between these hydrated gas films depend nearly linearly on their molar refractions as contrasted with the previously studied simple n-alkane series, which exhibited a highly nonlinear behavior as a function of molar refraction. The differences in the optical behavior contrasted between these two series of nonpolar gases were compared with their measured bulk solubility properties in water as a function of their size and shape within the clathrate structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449633
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic excitation and oscillator strength of ethyl bromide by vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption and electron energy loss spectroscopy (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 6285-6292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectrum of ethyl bromide has been recorded between 5 and 10.15 eV (248–122 nm) using synchrotron radiation. It exhibits a broad structureless valence band centred at 6.1 eV of low cross section followed by a region dominated by excitation of Rydberg states. A high resolution photoelectron spectrum (PES) of the lowest energy ionization band has been obtained and provides ionization energies necessary for identification of related Rydberg-excited states. Also, analysis of the vibrational fine structure in the PES has allowed identification of the normal vibrational modes excited and their wave numbers in the ion. These data, in turn, have been used in the assignment of the lowest energy photoabsorption bands arising from electron excitation into the 5s Rydberg orbital. The electron energy loss spectrum, recorded from 6.5 to 14.1 eV, under electric-dipole conditions, confirms the magnitude of the photoabsorption cross-section values obtained using the synchrotron radiation and extends the differential and optical oscillator strength values up to 14.004 eV. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481273
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient tabulated collisional radiative equilibrium radiation transport model suitable for multidimensional hydrodynamics calculations (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3480-3489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computationally efficient method for transporting radiation in multidimensional plasmas has been developed and evaluated. The basis of this method is a uniform plasma approximation that allows one to utilize existing escape probability techniques that are successfully used in one-dimensional (1D) calculations to approximately solve the multidimensional radiation transport problem. This method is superior to diffusion methods because (1) the probability of escape technique insures that the plasma goes to the correct optically thin and thick limits, (2) the effects of line absorption due to photoexcitations are modeled, and (3) this method uses source functions that are based on a self-consistent nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, not an ad hoc assumption that the source functions are Planckian. This method is highly efficient because equation of state information from 1D calculations is tabulated as a function of plasma internal energy, ion density, and the line probability of escape from a uniform plasma, and then used in multidimensional calculations. Given the internal energy and ion density, and by calculating the line probability of escape from a zone of the multidimensional plasma, the equation of state, including emissivities and absorption coefficients, of the zone is determined from the table. Total radiative power, K-shell radiative power, total radiative yield, K-shell radiative yield, and plasma density and temperature profiles obtained from 1D Z-pinch calculations employing this method are in good agreement with the same powers, yields, and profiles calculated using a full radiation transport model. This method has been implemented in the 2D plasma radiating imploding source model code [F. L. Cochran et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2765 (1995)] to determine the influence of radiation transport in argon Z-pinch experiments performed on the Z machine [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1373415
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model of enhanced energy deposition in a Z-pinch plasma (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3265-3277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In numerous experiments, magnetic energy coupled to strongly radiating Z-pinch plasmas exceeds the thermalized kinetic energy, sometimes by a factor of 2–3. An analytical model describing this additional energy deposition based on the concept of macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent pinch heating proposed by Rudakov and Sudan [Phys. Reports 283, 253 (1997)] is presented. The pinch plasma is modeled as a foam-like medium saturated with toroidal "magnetic bubbles" produced by the development of surface m=0 Rayleigh-Taylor and MHD instabilities. As the bubbles converge to the pinch axis, their magnetic energy is converted to thermal energy of the plasma through pdV work. Explicit formulas for the average dissipation rate of this process and the corresponding contribution to the resistance of the load, which compare favorably to the experimental data and simulation results, are presented. The possibility of using this enhanced (relative to Ohmic heating) dissipation mechanism to power novel plasma radiation sources and produce high K-shell yields using long current rise time machines is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874192
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic excitation and oscillator strength of ethyl iodide by VUV photoabsorption and electron energy loss spectroscopy (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 10307-10315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high resolution VUV photoabsorption spectrum of ethyl iodide has been recorded between 4 and 10.2 eV (310–120 nm) using synchrotron radiation. The spectrum consists of a broad structureless absorption band centered at 4.78 eV, followed by a region dominated by excitation of Rydberg states. A high resolution photoelectron spectrum (PES) of the lowest energy ionization band has been obtained and provides ionization energies necessary for identification of related Rydberg-excited states. Also, analysis of the vibrational fine structure in the PES has allowed identification of the normal vibrational modes excited and their wave numbers in the ion. These, in turn, have been used in the assignment of the lowest energy photoabsorption bands arising from electron excitation into the 6s Rydberg orbital. An electron energy loss spectrum has also been recorded from 5.8 to 14.2 eV, under electric-dipole conditions. It confirms the magnitude of the photoabsorption cross section values obtained using the synchrotron radiation and extends the differential and optical oscillator strength values up to 14.2 eV. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478964
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 35 ps, Q-switched, continuous-pumped neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser using an electro-optic ring modulator (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electro-optical ring modulator, used as a cavity output coupler, has permitted simultaneous active mode locking, Q switching, and cavity dumping of a continuous-pumped neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. We have obtained output pulses of 4 MW peak power and 35 ps duration at repetition rates up to 2.5 kHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99323
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dense radiating deuterium Z-pinch plasma (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 4154-4162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The radiative emission from a frozen deuterium Z-pinch driven by a slowly rising current (∼3 kA/ns) is investigated. This approach is in marked contrast to the standard radiating Z-pinch plasma which is driven by a rapid-current rise leading to a fast implosion. The slow pinch is modeled as a quasistatic contraction subject to Bennett-pressure equilibrium and driven by a constant generator voltage of 200 kV. Electron degeneracy is approximately accounted for in the pressure, however, the resistivity is taken as purely classical. The bremsstrahlung spectrum transitions from thin to nearly thick during the collapse phase. The predictions from this simple model suggests that this approach may have interesting applications as a radiation source in the kilovolt regime. In particular, we find that a deuterium plasma of 1018 cm−1 line density yields ∼60 kJ of radiation above 3 keV while undergoing a radiative collapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344000
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of coolants for achieving short-wavelength recombination lasing (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A promising approach for reducing the operating wavelength of x-ray lasers is the generation of population inversions via recombination in rapidly cooling plasmas. We have examined the relative merits of radiative and hydrodynamic cooling in a freely expanding plasma. The specific lasing scheme studied is recombination in heliumlike silicon, but the general results apply to other elements and ionization stages which are capable of generating gain in the soft x-ray region. We find that the higher radiative cooling rates obtained by mixing the silicon lasant with a high atomic number coolant are more than offset by the reduced expansion cooling brought on by the higher mass density associated with the high-Z elements. Specific results are presented for hydrogen, carbon, aluminum, and selenium coolants mixed with silicon lasant. The present results do not apply to magnetically confined lasant plasmas where high-Z radiators might be valuable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347139
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of L-shell dynamics on K-shell yields for imploding krypton Z-pinch plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1766-1774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The radiative performance of a Z-pinch krypton puff gas heated by a proposed multiterawatt generator is investigated with the aid of a one-dimensional (1-D) non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) radiation hydrodynamic model self-consistently coupled to a circuit model. For stable loads configured either as cylindrical annular shells or uniform fills, predictions are made for the K- and L-shell soft x-ray emission as a function of the L-shell level structure. The results of numerical simulations show that both the thin annular shell and uniform fill are prolific K- and L-shell radiators. It is also predicted that the L-shell level structure profoundly affects the optimum K-shell soft x-ray yield, as well as the choices for load mass corresponding to optimum emission. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871325
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