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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 4012-4019 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Existing vibrational data for monohydrogenated C2 to C4 alkanes up to 4 quanta in CH stretching, and data at 6 quanta of excitation in the fully hydrogenated species, are combined in this study, along with CH deformation overtones and CD2 (or CD) stretching fundamentals, to enable a global local mode refinement of CH stretching to be made, to include the effects of both Fermi resonance and interbond coupling effects. Refinement to data over 14 isotopic ethanes, propanes and isobutanes is achieved in terms of consistent CH stretching vibration and anharmonicity parameters and stretch–bend resonance parameters. Data available on n-butanes fully support the findings. CH stretching vibration wave numbers correlate very closely with the structural characteristics in CH3, CH2, and CH groups. The associated CH stretching anharmonicities, however, are found to correlate with the type of CH bond present, primary (−59.6 cm−1), secondary (−62.1 cm−1), or tertiary (−64.5 cm−1), rather than with the individual CH stretching vibration wave numbers, as previously thought. A vibrational dependence of the Fermi resonance parameter is required to reproduce the isolated CH stretching manifolds of CH(CD3)3 and CH(CH3)3 up to 6 quanta in CH stretching. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 783-790 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The infrared spectrum of gaseous CH3I has been investigated in the range 500–16 500 cm−1, up to six quanta of excitation in CH stretching. A total of 16 perpendicular bands lying above 3700 cm−1 have been analyzed, some as Fermi resonance diads, in order to determine accurate vibrational wave numbers for the constituent levels. The local mode model has been applied to the CH stretching manifold to account for anharmonicity and the effects of Darling–Dennison resonances. Vibrations not involving CH stretching have been treated in a normal mode basis. The joint approach, which also takes into account known Fermi resonances, enables a complete set of 27 vibrational anharmonicity parameters to be determined for CH3I which fits 63 observed vibrational levels up to V=6 with a root-mean square (rms) error of 2.75 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 4216-4226 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CH and CD stretching vibrational manifolds in C2H4 and C2D4 have been studied up to six and four quanta of excitation, respectively. They are interpreted in each case in terms of a minimum number of local mode parameters. In C2H4, perturbations arising from Fermi resonances are complex and involve both the C=C stretching and the CH2 scissoring vibrations, with the former itself being in close resonance with the in-phase CH2 rocking overtone. Nevertheless, once all major resonances are taken into account, a self-consistent set of vibrational parameters is determined, which reproduces observations well in both infrared and Raman spectra. In C2D4, no significant Fermi resonance complications are apparent, spectroscopic interpretation is straightforward, and approximations inherent in the simple local mode model may be tested. The local mode parameters determined for C2H4 and C2D4 obey closely their expected isotopic interdependences. Values determined for the interbond harmonic coupling parameters in each case are in excellent agreement with those predicted through the harmonic force constants of ethylene.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 3369-3369 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 2558-2560 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photographs from high-speed movies of the profiles of a mechanically generated, gentle spilling breaking water wave are presented. It is found that as the wave steepens a bulge forms on the forward face of the wave near the crest and capillary waves form on the water surface ahead of the ‘toe' of the bulge (see Fig. 1). The toe of the bulge then moves rapidly down the forward face of the wave and a train of large-amplitude waves with short wavelength grows rapidly on the surface of the bulge. These waves quickly break down into a random pattern indicating that the flow has become turbulent.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 781-790 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Air entrainment due to a translating axisymmetric laminar water jet plunging into an otherwise quiescent pool of water was studied experimentally. The jet impact diameter, Dj, and velocity, Vj, ranged from 0.33 to 1.21 cm and 104 to 365 cm/s, respectively. For all of these jet flow conditions, the water surface around the jet impact site of the stationary jet is smooth and no air is entrained. When the jet is moving horizontally with velocity Vt, a depression of the free surface forms directly downstream of the jet. In any set of experiments with constant Vj and Dj, as Vt is increased, the depth and streamwise length of this depression increases and a cusp forms at the bottom of its upstream edge. Air entrainment first occurs in the form of discrete small bubbles with diameters of about 0.05 cm that are injected from the cusp when the Froude number (Fr=Vt/gDj, where g is the acceleration of gravity) exceeds a critical value of about 1.4 for Vj/Vt〉5. At higher values of Vt, a separate mode of entrainment occurs where large pockets of air are injected from the cusp into the flow in the form of intermittent bursts. At still higher values of Vt, the high-entrainment-rate condition occurs continuously. High-speed flow visualization movies of the entrainment process show that in all entrainment regimes, the bubbles enter the water when vortices from the jet shear layer pass over the leading-edge cusp of the depression and that these bubbles are initially trapped within the vortices. The boundaries between the three entrainment regimes are determined and presented on a plot of Froude number versus velocity ratio (Vj/Vt). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 786-788 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have observed nonlinear absorption in spin-coated poly(4,6-decadiyne-1, 10-diolbis {[(n-butoxycarbonyl)methyl]urethane}) [poly(3BCMU)] polydiacetylene channel waveguides at different wavelengths in the near-infrared. Intensity dependent absorption coefficients, α2 and α3, have been determined by measurements of the intensity dependent transmission. The implications of nonlinear absorption for all-optical device applications in this material are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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