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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (8)
  • 1995-1999  (15)
  • 1980-1984  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical deflection setup for stress measurements in thin films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 460-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We demonstrate an optical two-beam deflection setup for in situ stress measurements in thin films. By using improved position sensitive photodetectors we reach a resolution of better than 10−4 m−1 for substrate curvature measurement at a bandwidth of 1 kHz, with a relatively short optical path of 0.53 m and without employing a lock-in technique. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148721
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applicability of effective medium theory to ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic composites with composition and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and permeabilities (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1655-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-frequency (1 MHz–1 GHz) transmission line measurements were used to determine the composition and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and complex permeabilities of ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic (barium titanate and a magnesium-copper-zinc ferrite) composites. The effective medium rules of Maxwell–Garnett give both lower and upper bounds for the effective permittivities and permeabilities and yield accurate estimates of the bulk electric and magnetic properties at low volume fill fraction of either component provided the proper host matrix is chosen. Bruggeman theory yielded the best predictive values for the permittivity and permeability over the entire composition range. In all cases these complex quantities were shown to be constrained by Bergman–Milton bounds. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small atom diffusion and breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation in the supercooled liquid state of the Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 alloy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2492-2494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Be diffusivity data in the bulk metallic glass forming alloy Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 are reported for temperatures between 530 and 710 K, extending 85 K into the supercooled liquid state of the alloy. At the glass transition temperature Tg, a change in temperature dependence of the data is observed, and above Tg the diffusivity increases more quickly with temperature than below. The data in the supercooled liquid can be described by a modified Arrhenius expression based on a diffusion mechanism suggested earlier. The comparison with viscosity data in the supercooled liquid state of Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 reveals a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation, indicating a cooperative diffusion mechanism in the supercooled liquid state of Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117716
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal interfaces and intrinsic stress in thin amorphous Cu-Ti and Co-Tb films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3065-3070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combined investigation of intrinsic stress formation by in situ substrate curvature measurements and of surface morphology evolution by scanning tunneling microscopy during the growth of amorphous Cu-Ti and Co-Tb films is reported. Intrinsic tensile stress and surface morphology are clearly correlated: all films that show intrinsic tensile stress formation in the late growth stages exhibit a cluster-like surface morphology and vice versa. Both the magnitude of the intrinsic tensile stress and the cluster size at the surface depend systematically on the reduced substrate temperature during film preparation. This dependence fits Hoffman's model for tensile stress formation in thin films. Thus, the observed surface clusters are probably the top domes of growth columns, and the atomic mismatch at the column boundaries gives rise to tensile stress formation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of reducible massive gauge theories (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 6189-6208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of irreducible gauge theories is generalized to L-stage reducible theories. The dependence of the generating functional of Green's functions on the choice of gauge in the massive case is discussed and Ward identities related to osp(1,2) symmetry are given. Massive first-stage theories with closed gauge algebra are studied in detail. The generalization of the Chapline–Manton model and topological Yang–Mills theory to the case of massive fields are considered as examples. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533086
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of irreducible massive gauge theories (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 674-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of general gauge theories is formulated which applies also to massive fields. The formalism generalizes the Sp(2)-covariant Batalin–Lavrov–Tyutin (BLT) approach and guarantees symplectic invariance of the quantized action. The dependence of the generating functional of Green's functions on the choice of gauge in the massive case disappears in the limit m→0. Ward identities related to osp(1,2) symmetry are derived. Massive gauge theories with closed algebra are studied as an example. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532681
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface roughening and columnar growth of thin amorphous CuTi films (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1691-1693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Different growth stages and the microstructure of amorphous CuTi films are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and small angle neutron scattering. During film growth at room temperature, the initially smooth films show increasing surface roughening and finally a change to a columnar growth mode with column diameters of about 20 nm. The interfacial energies associated with the column boundaries are higher than those of grain boundaries in crystalline systems. The column boundaries might be the origin of high intrinsic tensile stresses measured before in the amorphous CuTi films. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118671
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-induced crosslinking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers: Negative resists for nanolithography (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2401-2403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have explored the interaction of self-assembled monolayers of 1,1′-biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) with low energy electrons. X-ray photoelectron, infrared, and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed that BPT forms well-ordered monolayers with the phenyl rings tilted ∼15° from the surface normal. The films were exposed to 50 eV electrons and changes were monitored in situ. Even after high (∼10 mC/cm2) exposures, the molecules maintain their preferred orientation and remain bonded on the gold substrate. An increased etching resistance and changes in the infrared spectra imply a crosslinking between neighboring phenyl groups, which suggests that BPT can be utilized as an ultrathin negative resist. This is demonstrated by the generation of patterns in the underlying gold. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125027
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-Disaccharides of Ketoses (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 502-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: alkynes ; C-glycosides ; cobalt complexes ; cyclizations ; enzyme inhibitors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of gluconolactone 2 with allylmagnesium bromide at low temperatures afforded ketopyranose 3, which could easily be converted into open-chain ketoses (R)-6 and (S)-6. Their reaction with lithioacetylide 9 afforded propargylic alcohol derivatives (R)-10 and (S)-10, which could not be cyclized directly to the desired C-ketosides. They were converted by standard procedures into (R)-14 and (S)-14 and then into dicobalthexacarbonyl complexes (R)-16 and (S)-16. A facile acid-catalyzed ring closure gave the desired C-ketosides (R)-18 α/β and (S)-18α/β, respectively, in different ratios. In order to demonstrate that removal of the protective groups and hydrogenation of the CC triple bond proceed smoothly, (R)-18 α was transformed into the deprotected target molecule (R)-1 α. For the assignment of the new chiral centers at C-2/2′ and at C-8, (S)-18α was transformed into azido derivative (S)-22α, which underwent intramolecular cycloaddition to afford the spiro derivative (S)-25α. Because of the conformational constraints in this molecule, unequivocal configurational assignment was possible with the help of NMR data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19960020508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diastereoselective Substitution of PR3 for CO in Carbene(dicarbonyl)cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Manganese - Synthesis of (SMn)- and (RMn)-[Cp(CO)(PR3)Mn=C(OR*)R′] Complexes (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carbene complexes ; Carbyne complexes ; Asymmetric synthesis ; Carbohydrates ; Chiral auxiliaries ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral carbene complexes [Cp(CO)2Mn=C(OR*)Ph] (4a-e) were prepared by reaction of [Cp(CO)2Mn=C(OAc)Ph] (2) with HOR* [HOR* = 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose (3a), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-galactopyranose (3b), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranose (3c), (S)- (3d) and (R)-1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (3e)]. The replacement of a CO ligand with PTol3 in 4a-e proceeded diastereoselectively to give [Cp(CO)(PTol3)Mn=C(OR*)Ph] (5a-e). The diastereoselectivity increased in the order a, b, c, d: de = 8% (5a), 33% (5b), 70% (5c), 〉 96% (5d). For (R)-5d the isomer with the (S) configuration at manganese (SMn) was formed predominantly. For (S)-5d, only (RMn,S)-5d was detected (de 〉 96%). Photolysis of (R)-4d in the presence of phosphites or phosphanes afforded (SMn)-[Cp(CO)(PR3)Mn=C(OR*)Ph] [PR3 = P(OPh)3 (8), P(OMe)3 (9), P(OMe)2Ph (10), P(OMe)Ph2 (11), PPh3 (12), P(C6H4Cl-p)3 (13)] with a de 〉 96%. Photolysis of (S)-4d in the presence of P(OMe)3 gave (RMn,S)-9. Complex (R)-14 [related to (R)-4d] was obtained from [Cp(CO)2Mn=C(OAc)Tol-p] and 3d. Replacement of CO by PR3 in (R)-14 gave (SMn,R)-[Cp(CO)(PR3)Mn=C(OR*)Tol-p] [R = Tol-p (15), OMe (16), C6H4Cl-p (17)] with a de 〉 96%. In solution, the PTol3-substituted complex 5d is configurationally stable whereas the P(OMe)3 complex 9 epimerizes slowly at room temperature in CH2Cl2, Et2O, and THF within about one week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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