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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (8)
  • Emerald  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of reducible massive gauge theories (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 6189-6208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of irreducible gauge theories is generalized to L-stage reducible theories. The dependence of the generating functional of Green's functions on the choice of gauge in the massive case is discussed and Ward identities related to osp(1,2) symmetry are given. Massive first-stage theories with closed gauge algebra are studied in detail. The generalization of the Chapline–Manton model and topological Yang–Mills theory to the case of massive fields are considered as examples. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533086
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virtual communities in cyberspace (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 25 (1996), S. 60-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Reintroduces alienation theory and research. Considers alienation in a cybernetic sense as a generic term for different types of information processing problems in individuals. Considers these, more often than not, to be ultimately caused by developments in their social environment and reflecting back on that environment. Discusses the emergence of virtual communities, giving as an example the Thematic Group on Sociocybernetics and Social Systems. Describes its function and composition in a virtual community context. Considers whether Norbert Wiener foresaw the emergence of virtual communities and examines the link with the society envisaged by Niklas Luhmann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929610118345
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The challenge of sociocybernetics (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Kybernetes 24 (1995), S. 6-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0368-492X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Summarizes some of the important concepts and developments in cybernetics and general systems theory, especially during the last two decades. Shows how they can indeed be a challenge to sociological thinking. Cybernetics is used here as an umbrella term for a great variety of related disciplines: general systems theory, information theory, system dynamics, dynamic systems theory, including catastrophe theory, chaos theory. Also considers the emerging "science of complexity", which includes neural networks, artificial intelligence and artificial life, and discusses the methodological drawbacks of second-order cybernetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684929510089321
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applicability of effective medium theory to ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic composites with composition and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and permeabilities (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 1655-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-frequency (1 MHz–1 GHz) transmission line measurements were used to determine the composition and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and complex permeabilities of ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic (barium titanate and a magnesium-copper-zinc ferrite) composites. The effective medium rules of Maxwell–Garnett give both lower and upper bounds for the effective permittivities and permeabilities and yield accurate estimates of the bulk electric and magnetic properties at low volume fill fraction of either component provided the proper host matrix is chosen. Bruggeman theory yielded the best predictive values for the permittivity and permeability over the entire composition range. In all cases these complex quantities were shown to be constrained by Bergman–Milton bounds. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of irreducible massive gauge theories (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 674-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of general gauge theories is formulated which applies also to massive fields. The formalism generalizes the Sp(2)-covariant Batalin–Lavrov–Tyutin (BLT) approach and guarantees symplectic invariance of the quantized action. The dependence of the generating functional of Green's functions on the choice of gauge in the massive case disappears in the limit m→0. Ward identities related to osp(1,2) symmetry are derived. Massive gauge theories with closed algebra are studied as an example. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532681
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical deflection setup for stress measurements in thin films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 460-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We demonstrate an optical two-beam deflection setup for in situ stress measurements in thin films. By using improved position sensitive photodetectors we reach a resolution of better than 10−4 m−1 for substrate curvature measurement at a bandwidth of 1 kHz, with a relatively short optical path of 0.53 m and without employing a lock-in technique. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148721
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-induced crosslinking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers: Negative resists for nanolithography (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2401-2403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have explored the interaction of self-assembled monolayers of 1,1′-biphenyl-4-thiol (BPT) with low energy electrons. X-ray photoelectron, infrared, and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy showed that BPT forms well-ordered monolayers with the phenyl rings tilted ∼15° from the surface normal. The films were exposed to 50 eV electrons and changes were monitored in situ. Even after high (∼10 mC/cm2) exposures, the molecules maintain their preferred orientation and remain bonded on the gold substrate. An increased etching resistance and changes in the infrared spectra imply a crosslinking between neighboring phenyl groups, which suggests that BPT can be utilized as an ultrathin negative resist. This is demonstrated by the generation of patterns in the underlying gold. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125027
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal interfaces and intrinsic stress in thin amorphous Cu-Ti and Co-Tb films (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 3065-3070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combined investigation of intrinsic stress formation by in situ substrate curvature measurements and of surface morphology evolution by scanning tunneling microscopy during the growth of amorphous Cu-Ti and Co-Tb films is reported. Intrinsic tensile stress and surface morphology are clearly correlated: all films that show intrinsic tensile stress formation in the late growth stages exhibit a cluster-like surface morphology and vice versa. Both the magnitude of the intrinsic tensile stress and the cluster size at the surface depend systematically on the reduced substrate temperature during film preparation. This dependence fits Hoffman's model for tensile stress formation in thin films. Thus, the observed surface clusters are probably the top domes of growth columns, and the atomic mismatch at the column boundaries gives rise to tensile stress formation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367061
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small atom diffusion and breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation in the supercooled liquid state of the Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 alloy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2492-2494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Be diffusivity data in the bulk metallic glass forming alloy Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 are reported for temperatures between 530 and 710 K, extending 85 K into the supercooled liquid state of the alloy. At the glass transition temperature Tg, a change in temperature dependence of the data is observed, and above Tg the diffusivity increases more quickly with temperature than below. The data in the supercooled liquid can be described by a modified Arrhenius expression based on a diffusion mechanism suggested earlier. The comparison with viscosity data in the supercooled liquid state of Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 reveals a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation, indicating a cooperative diffusion mechanism in the supercooled liquid state of Zr46.7Ti8.3Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117716
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface roughening and columnar growth of thin amorphous CuTi films (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1691-1693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Different growth stages and the microstructure of amorphous CuTi films are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and small angle neutron scattering. During film growth at room temperature, the initially smooth films show increasing surface roughening and finally a change to a columnar growth mode with column diameters of about 20 nm. The interfacial energies associated with the column boundaries are higher than those of grain boundaries in crystalline systems. The column boundaries might be the origin of high intrinsic tensile stresses measured before in the amorphous CuTi films. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118671
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