ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure of pure, nonhydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si) was modified by means of ion implantation, furnace annealing, and pulsed laser annealing. Defects in a-Si were probed by measuring the photocarrier lifetime τ at low carrier densities (1018/cm3) with subpicosecond resolution using pump-probe reflectivity measurements. The average cross section of defect-related midgap states for free-carrier capture is found to be 6×10−16 cm2. In addition, the average bond-angle distortion Δθ in a-Si was derived from Raman spectroscopy. Annealing as-implanted a-Si for 1 h at T≤500 °C induces defect annihilation as well as network relaxation. In contrast, 32 ns pulsed laser heating of a-Si just below the melting threshold leads to relaxation of Δθ without significant defect annihilation. This annealing behavior can be understood on the basis of defect diffusion kinetics. Implanting fully relaxed a-Si with 1 MeV B+, Si+, and Xe+ up to damage levels of 0.004 displacements per atom raises the defect density without affecting Δθ. Only after the defect density has saturated at higher damage levels is Δθ returned to the as-implanted level. The electronic density of states of a-Si is determined using optical-absorption spectroscopy, yielding Nsat≈0.5 at. % for the saturation defect density in a-Si at room temperature. Electron paramagnetic resonance shows that a minor fraction (0.02 at. %) of these defects is spin active. The response of c-Si and relaxed a-Si to implantation damage is comparable, suggesting that the defect populations in both materials are similar. Comparing carrier lifetime measurements and Raman spectroscopy for the various experimental treatments demonstrates that there is no unique correlation between the defect density and Δθ in a-Si. Assuming that defects and Δθ have independent enthalpic contributions, the Gibbs free energy of various structural states of a-Si is calculated. These calculations indicate that the melting temperature of a-Si may vary from 1010 to 1490 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: The patterning of graphene by a 30 kV Ga + focused ion beam (FIB) is studied by in-situ and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the graphene surrounding the patterned target area can be damaged at remarkably large distances of more than 10  μ m. We show that scattering of the Ga ions in the residual gas of the vacuum system is the main cause of the large range of lateral damage, as the size and shape of the tail of the ion beam were strongly dependent on the system background pressure. The range of the damage was therefore greatly reduced by working at low pressures and limiting the total amount of ions used. This makes FIB patterning a feasible alternative to electron beam lithography as long as residual gas scattering is taken into account.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-07-07
    Description: The counter-propagating shear campaign is examining instability growth and its transition to turbulence in the high-energy-density physics regime using a laser-driven counter-propagating flow platform. In these experiments, we observe consistent complex break-up of and structure growth in a tracer layer placed at the shear flow interface during the instability growth phase. We present a wavelet-transform based analysis technique capable of characterizing the scale- and directionality-resolved average intensity perturbations in static radiographs of the experiment. This technique uses the complete spatial information available in each radiograph to describe the structure evolution. We designed this analysis technique to generate a two-dimensional power spectrum for each radiograph from which we can recover information about structure widths, amplitudes, and orientations. The evolution of the distribution of power in the spectra for an experimental series is a potential metric for quantifying the structure size evolution as well as a system’s evolution towards isotropy.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-07-01
    Description: In this study, we generalize the impulse response approach and Poisson statistics proposed by Smith [Phys. Rev. B 64 , 155106 (2001)] to evaluate the longitudinal and transverse magneto-optical conductivities in an electron gas system in Faraday geometry. Comparing with the standard Drude model, the coefficients a n are introduced in the Drude-Smith formula to describe the backscattering or localization effect for the n th electronic scattering event. Such a formula can also be applied to study the elements of the dielectric function matrix in the presence of magnetic and radiation fields in electron gas systems. This theoretical work is primely motivated by recent experimental activities in measuring the real and imaginary parts of longitudinal and transverse magneto-optical conductivities in condensed matter materials and electronic devices using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We believe that the results obtained from this study can provide an appropriate theoretical tool in reproducing the experimental findings and in fitting with experimental data to determine the important sample and material parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-04-18
    Description: An indirectly-driven shock tube experiment fielded on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) was used to create a high-energy-density hydrodynamics platform at unprecedented scale. Scaling up a shear-induced mixing experiment previously fielded at OMEGA, the NIF shear platform drives 130  μ m/ns shocks into a CH foam-filled shock tube (∼ 60 mg/cc) with interior dimensions of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm length. The pulse-shaping capabilities of the NIF are used to extend the drive for 〉10 ns, and the large interior tube volumes are used to isolate physics-altering edge effects from the region of interest. The scaling of the experiment to the NIF allows for considerable improvement in maximum driving time of hydrodynamics, in fidelity of physics under examination, and in diagnostic clarity. Details of the experimental platform and post-shot simulations used in the analysis of the platform-qualifying data are presented. Hydrodynamic scaling is used to compare shear data from OMEGA with that from NIF, suggesting a possible change in the dimensionality of the instability at late times from one platform to the other.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-06-25
    Description: Counter-propagating shear experiments conducted at the OMEGA Laser Facility have been evaluating the effect of target initial conditions, specifically the characteristics of a tracer foil located at the shear boundary, on Kelvin-Helmholtz instability evolution and experiment transition toward nonlinearity and turbulence in the high-energy-density (HED) regime. Experiments are focused on both identifying and uncoupling the dependence of the model initial turbulent length scale in variable-density turbulence models of k- ϵ type on competing physical instability seed lengths as well as developing a path toward fully developed turbulent HED experiments. We present results from a series of experiments controllably and independently varying two initial types of scale lengths in the experiment: the thickness and surface roughness (surface perturbation scale spectrum) of a tracer layer at the shear interface. We show that decreasing the layer thickness and increasing the surface roughness both have the ability to increase the relative mixing in the system, and thus theoretically decrease the time required to begin transitioning to turbulence in the system. We also show that we can connect a change in observed mix width growth due to increased foil surface roughness to an analytically predicted change in model initial turbulent scale lengths.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-09-05
    Description: A very large area (7.5 mm 2 ) laser-driven x-ray backlighter, termed the Big Area BackLighter (BABL) has been developed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to support high energy density experiments. The BABL provides an alternative to Pinhole-Apertured point-projection Backlighting (PABL) for a large field of view. This bypasses the challenges for PABL in the equatorial plane of the NIF target chamber where space is limited because of the unconverted laser light that threatens the diagnostic aperture, the backlighter foil, and the pinhole substrate. A transmission experiment using 132 kJ of NIF laser energy at a maximum intensity of 8.52 × 10 14 W/cm 2 illuminating the BABL demonstrated good conversion efficiency of 〉3.5% into K-shell emission producing ∼4.6 kJ of high energy x rays, while yielding high contrast images with a highly uniform background that agree well with 2D simulated spectra and spatial profiles.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-12-08
    Description: In this study we present a combined optical sizing and acoustical characterization technique for the study of the dynamics of single freely-floating ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles exposed to long burst ultrasound excitations up to the milliseconds range. A co-axial flow device was used to position individual microbubbles on a streamline within the confocal region of three ultrasound transducers and a high-resolution microscope objective. Bright-field images of microbubbles passing through the confocal region were captured using a high-speed camera synchronized to the acoustical data acquisition to assess the microbubble response to a 1-MHz ultrasound burst. Nonlinear bubble vibrations were identified at a driving pressure as low as 50 kPa. The results demonstrate good agreement with numerical simulations based on the shell-buckling model proposed by Marmottant et al . [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118 , 3499–3505 (2005)]. The system demonstrates the potential for a high-throughput in vitro characterization of individual microbubbles.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 2162-2163 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 3503-3514 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isotropic phase of nematogenic substances above the nematic–isotropic phase transition temperature Tni is characterized by short range orientational correlation of the molecules and the existence of pseudonematic domains. This microscopic structure has a strong influence on reorientational dynamics in the liquid. We present time resolved transient grating optical Kerr effect measurements of pentylcyanobiphenyl between 35 and 120 °C, which allow us to monitor dynamics on timescales from subpicoseconds to tens of nanoseconds. The well-known collective component characterizing the reorientational dynamics of the pseudonematic domains follows Landau–deGennes behavior up to 30–35 degrees above Tni where the theoretical correlation length ξ≈three molecular lengths. Additionally fast relaxation channels (with time constants between 1 and 300 ps) are observed which are associated with local reorientational and intermolecular dynamics within the pseudonematic domains. The local dynamics are temperature independent in the range where the pseudonematic domains dominate the liquid structure, demonstrating a decoupling of the molecular motions from the bulk viscosity. Only at high temperatures, T(approximately-greater-than)70 °C, where the pseudonematic domains cease to exist, is a viscosity dependence observed. At these elevated temperatures, the slowest contribution to the fast molecular dynamics approximately follows hydrodynamic theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...