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  • 1
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    [Report] Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: Lead-halide perovskites have emerged as high-performance photovoltaic materials. We mapped the propagation of photogenerated luminescence and charges from a local photoexcitation spot in thin films of lead tri-iodide perovskites. We observed light emission at distances of ≥50 micrometers and found that the peak of the internal photon spectrum red-shifts from 765 to ≥800 nanometers. We used a lateral-contact solar cell with selective electron- and hole-collecting contacts and observed that charge extraction for photoexcitation 〉50 micrometers away from the contacts arose from repeated recycling between photons and electron-hole pairs. Thus, energy transport is not limited by diffusive charge transport but can occur over long distances through multiple absorption-diffusion-emission events. This process creates high excitation densities within the perovskite layer and allows high open-circuit voltages. Authors: Luis M. Pazos-Outón, Monika Szumilo, Robin Lamboll, Johannes M. Richter, Micaela Crespo-Quesada, Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi, Harry J. Beeson, Milan Vrućinić, Mejd Alsari, Henry J. Snaith, Bruno Ehrler, Richard H. Friend, Felix Deschler
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Three axis vector magnet set-up for cryogenic scanning probe microscopy (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-15
    Description: We describe a three axis vector magnet system for cryogenic scanning probe microscopy measurements. We discuss the magnet support system and the power supply, consisting of a compact three way 100 A current source. We obtain tilted magnetic fields in all directions with maximum value of 5T along z-axis and of 1.2T for XY-plane magnetic fields. We describe a scanning tunneling microscopy-spectroscopy (STM-STS) set-up, operating in a dilution refrigerator, which includes a new high voltage ultralow noise piezodrive electronics and discuss the noise level due to vibrations. STM images and STS maps show atomic resolution and the tilted vortex lattice at 150 mK in the superconductor β -Bi 2 Pd. We observe a strongly elongated hexagonal lattice, which corresponds to the projection of the tilted hexagonal vortex lattice on the surface. We also discuss Magnetic Force Microscopy images in a variable temperature insert.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Charge extraction via graded doping of hole transport layers gives highly luminescent and stable metal halide perovskite devices (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉One source of instability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is interfacial defects, particularly those that exist between the perovskite and the hole transport layer (HTL). We demonstrate that thermally evaporated dopant-free tetracene (120 nm) on top of the perovskite layer, capped with a lithium-doped Spiro-OMeTAD layer (200 nm) and top gold electrode, offers an excellent hole-extracting stack with minimal interfacial defect levels. For a perovskite layer interfaced between these graded HTLs and a mesoporous TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 electron-extracting layer, its photoluminescence yield reaches 15% compared to 5% for the perovskite layer interfaced between TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and Spiro-OMeTAD alone. For PSCs with graded HTL structure, we demonstrate efficiency of up to 21.6% and an extended power output of over 550 hours of continuous illumination at AM1.5G, retaining more than 90% of the initial performance and thus validating our approach. Our findings represent a breakthrough in the construction of stable PSCs with minimized nonradiative losses.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Retraction (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beloqui, Ana -- Guazzaroni, Maria Eugenia -- Pazos, Florencio -- Vieites, Jose M -- Godoy, Marta -- Golyshina, Olga V -- Chernikova, Tatyana N -- Waliczek, Agnes -- Silva-Rocha, Rafael -- Al-Ramahi, Yamal -- La Cono, Violetta -- Mendez, Carmen -- Salas, Jose A -- Solano, Roberto -- Yakimov, Michail M -- Timmis, Kenneth N -- Golyshin, Peter N -- Ferrer, Manuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):912. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6006.912-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Altered reactivity of superoxide dismutase in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: A subset of individuals with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) possesses dominantly inherited mutations in the gene that encodes copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). A4V and G93A, two of the mutant enzymes associated with FALS, were shown to catalyze the oxidation of a model substrate (spin trap 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) by hydrogen peroxide at a higher rate than that seen with the wild-type enzyme. Catalysis of this reaction by A4V and G93A was more sensitive to inhibition by the copper chelators diethyldithiocarbamate and penicillamine than was catalysis by wild-type CuZnSOD. The same two chelators reversed the apoptosis-inducing effect of mutant enzymes expressed in a neural cell line. These results suggest that oxidative reactions catalyzed by mutant CuZnSOD enzymes initiate the neuropathologic changes in FALS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiedau-Pazos, M -- Goto, J J -- Rabizadeh, S -- Gralla, E B -- Roe, J A -- Lee, M K -- Valentine, J S -- Bredesen, D E -- AG12282/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DK46828/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM28222/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*enzymology/genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cell Line ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Copper/metabolism ; Cyclic N-Oxides/metabolism ; Ditiocarb/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Penicillamine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Reactome array: forging a link between metabolome and genome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: We describe a sensitive metabolite array for genome sequence-independent functional analysis of metabolic phenotypes and networks, the reactomes, of cell populations and communities. The array includes 1676 dye-linked substrate compounds collectively representing central metabolic pathways of all forms of life. Application of cell extracts to the array leads to specific binding of enzymes to cognate substrates, transformation to products, and concomitant activation of the dye signals. Proof of principle was shown by reconstruction of the metabolic maps of model bacteria. Utility of the array for unsequenced organisms was demonstrated by reconstruction of the global metabolisms of three microbial communities derived from acidic volcanic pool, deep-sea brine lake, and hydrocarbon-polluted seawater. Enzymes of interest are captured on nanoparticles coated with cognate metabolites, sequenced, and their functions unequivocally established.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beloqui, Ana -- Guazzaroni, Maria-Eugenia -- Pazos, Florencio -- Vieites, Jose M -- Godoy, Marta -- Golyshina, Olga V -- Chernikova, Tatyana N -- Waliczek, Agnes -- Silva-Rocha, Rafael -- Al-Ramahi, Yamal -- La Cono, Violetta -- Mendez, Carmen -- Salas, Jose A -- Solano, Roberto -- Yakimov, Michail M -- Timmis, Kenneth N -- Golyshin, Peter N -- Ferrer, Manuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):252-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1174094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIC, Institute of Catalysis, 28049 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Ecosystem ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Genome, Archaeal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Hot Springs/microbiology ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; *Metabolome ; Metabolomics/*methods ; Microarray Analysis/*methods ; Nanoparticles ; Pseudomonas putida/genetics/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology ; Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics/metabolism ; Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Lead-halide perovskites have emerged as high-performance photovoltaic materials. We mapped the propagation of photogenerated luminescence and charges from a local photoexcitation spot in thin films of lead tri-iodide perovskites. We observed light emission at distances of 〉/=50 micrometers and found that the peak of the internal photon spectrum red-shifts from 765 to 〉/=800 nanometers. We used a lateral-contact solar cell with selective electron- and hole-collecting contacts and observed that charge extraction for photoexcitation 〉50 micrometers away from the contacts arose from repeated recycling between photons and electron-hole pairs. Thus, energy transport is not limited by diffusive charge transport but can occur over long distances through multiple absorption-diffusion-emission events. This process creates high excitation densities within the perovskite layer and allows high open-circuit voltages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pazos-Outon, Luis M -- Szumilo, Monika -- Lamboll, Robin -- Richter, Johannes M -- Crespo-Quesada, Micaela -- Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba -- Beeson, Harry J -- Vrucinic, Milan -- Alsari, Mejd -- Snaith, Henry J -- Ehrler, Bruno -- Friend, Richard H -- Deschler, Felix -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1430-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK. ; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, UK. ; Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK. rhf10@cam.ac.uk fd297@cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Efficient singlet exciton fission in pentacene prepared from a soluble precursor (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-01
    Description: Carrier multiplication using singlet exciton fission (SF) to generate a pair of spin-triplet excitons from a single optical excitation has been highlighted as a promising approach to boost the photocurrent in photovoltaics (PVs) thereby allowing PV operation beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit. The applicability of many efficient fission materials, however, is limited due to their poor solubility. For instance, while acene-based organics such as pentacene (Pc) show high SF yields (up to200%), the plain acene backbone renders the organic molecule insoluble in common organic solvents. Previous approaches adding solubilizing side groups such as bis(tri- iso -propylsilylethynyl) to the Pc core resulted in low vertical carrier mobilities due to reduction of the transfer integrals via steric hindrance, which prevented high efficiencies in PVs. Here we show how to achieve good solubility while retaining the advantages of molecular Pc by using a soluble precursor route. The precursor fully converts into molecular Pc through thermal removal of the solubilizing side groups upon annealing above 150 °C in the solid state. The annealed precursor shows small differences in the crystallinity compared to evaporated thin films of Pc, indicating that the Pc adopts the bulk rather than surface polytype. Furthermore, we identify identical SF properties such as sub-100 fs fission time and equally long triplet lifetimes in both samples.
    Electronic ISSN: 2166-532X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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