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  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (127)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2000-2004  (127)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of modulated shock waves in solid targets driven by spatially modulated laser beams (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1212-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The growth of surface perturbations due to nonuniformities in the drive laser is an important subject in laser–matter interactions. We present results of experiments using drive lasers with known, single-mode modulations to produce nonuniform shocks that propagate into planar plastic (CH) targets. An optical probe beam is used to measure the arrival of these modulated shocks at various surfaces in the target. Experiments at moderate laser intensities ((approximately-less-than)1013 W/cm2) exhibit behavior predicted by hydrocodes and simple scaling laws. This technique will be used to observe various dynamic effects in laser-produced plasmas and shock-wave propagation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1486053
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption isotherms of water in Li–, Na–, and K–montmorillonite by molecular simulation (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 3322-3329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A biased Monte Carlo method for the insertion of water in dense clay–water systems is presented. The use of this algorithm results in a considerable increase of the success rate of insertion attempts. It allows us to compute water adsorption isotherms up to high water densities, where the conventional Monte Carlo scheme fails. The isotherms were calculated by a combination of molecular dynamics and grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulation for Li–, Na–, and K–montmorillonite at a fixed d(001) spacing of 12.0 Å. At low water pressure, the degree of clay hydration is governed by the type of counterion, Li–montmorillonite having the highest water content. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is absent. Li+ and Na+ are small enough to be organized in two layers close to the clay mineral surfaces, whereas K+ is mainly located in the midplane. In both cases, the water molecules primarily reside in the midplane of the interlayer. Increasing the water pressure leads to water adsorption at higher energy sites closer to the surface, i.e., coordinating to the structural OH groups in the hexagonal cavities. A hydrogen bond network is formed in the clay interlayer. This points to water condensation and leads to a sharp increase in the clay water content. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1386436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helical polyacetylene heavily doped with iodine: Magnetotransport (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 7222-7227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The magnetoconductivity of two kinds of iodine doped helical polyacetylene, R- and S-polyacetylene, were investigated to understand the effect of the intrafibril and the interfibrillar interaction in the polyacetylene system. The zero-field resistivity ratio, ρr=ρ(1.2 K)/ρ(300 K), is comparable to that of stretch-oriented high-density polyacetylene film, which indicates the partial alignment of chains inside a polymer fiber. At low magnetic fields, the small negative component of magnetoconductivity (positive magnetoresistance) was observed and its magnitude increases as the ρr value increases. In the high field region, the magnetoconductivity is positive and it clearly shows the linear dependence on the magnetic field up to H=30 T. The linear field dependence of magnetoconductivity is different from what is expected in the three-dimensional localization-interaction picture. For the same ρr value samples, the magnitude of negative magnetoconductivity of S-polyacetylene is much bigger than that of R-polyacetylene, which could be attributed to the difference in the degree of helicity determining the strength of interfibrillar interaction. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1358837
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling and optimization of the radiation temperature in dynamic hohlraums (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1673-1691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quasianalytic model of the dynamic hohlraum is presented. Results of the model are compared to both experiments and full numerical simulations with good agreement. The computational simplicity of the model allows one to find the behavior of the hohlraum radiation temperature as a function of the various parameters of the system and thus find optimum parameters as a function of the driving current. The model is used to investigate the benefits of ablative standoff and quasispherical Z pinches. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1360213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite length diocotron modes (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 407-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Diocotron modes are discussed for a finite length nonneutral plasma column under the assumption of bounce averaged E×B drift dynamics and small Debye length. In this regime, which is common to experiments, Debye shielding forces the mode potential to be constant along field lines within the plasma (i.e., ∂δφ/∂z=0). One can think of the plasma as a collection of magnetic-field aligned rods that undergo E×B drift across the field and adjust their length so as to maintain the condition ∂δφ/∂z=0 inside the plasma. Using the Green function (for a region bounded by a conducting cylinder) to relate the perturbed charge density and the perturbed potential, imposing the constraint ∂δφ/∂z=0, and discretizing yields a matrix eigenvalue problem. The mode eigenvector δNl,ω(rj)≡∫dz δnl,ω(rj,z) is the lth azimuthal Fourier component of the z-integrated density perturbation, and the frequency ω is the eigenvalue. The solutions include the full continuum and discrete stable and unstable diocotron modes. Finite column length introduces a new set of discrete diocotron-like modes. Also, finite column length makes possible the exponential growth of l=1 diocotron modes, long observed in experiments. The paper focuses on these two problems. To approach quantitative agreement with experiment for the l=1 instabilities, the model is extended to include the dependence of a particle's bounce averaged rotation frequency on its axial energy. For certain distributions of axial energies, this dependence can substantially affect the instability. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1340856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-of-states effective mass and scattering parameter measurements by transport phenomena in thin films (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 462-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel machine has been developed to measure transport coefficients in the temperature range of 50–350 K of thin films deposited on electrically insulating substrates. The measured coefficients—resistivity, Hall, Seebeck, and Nernst—are applied to solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation to give information about the film's density-of-states effective mass, the Fermi energy level, and an energy-dependent scattering parameter. The machine is designed to eliminate or compensate for simultaneously occurring transport phenomena that would interfere with the desired measured quantity, while allowing for all four coefficients to be measured on the same sample. An average density-of-states effective mass value of 0.29±0.04me was measured on the transparent conductive oxide, cadmium stannate (CTO), over a carrier concentration range of 2–7×1020 cm−3. This effective mass value matched previous results obtained by optical and thermoelectric modeling. The measured scattering parameter indicates that neutral impurities or a mixture of scattering mechanisms may inhibit the transport of carriers in CTO. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150224
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Spectral stability of Alfvén filament configurations" [Phys. Plasmas 7, 2388 (2000)] (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3829-3829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral stability of Alfvén filament configurations (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2388-2403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The two-fluid plasma equations that describe nonlinear Alfvén perturbations have singular solutions in the form of current–vortex filaments. These filaments are analogous to point vortices in ideal hydrodynamics and geostrophic fluids. In this work the spectral (linear) stability of current–vortex filament configurations is analyzed and compared with the results obtained for point vortices in ideal hydrodynamics and the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima equation. We consider single rows, double rows—von Kármán streets—and single and double rings of vortices. In all cases the stability picture for the current–vortex filaments is remarkably different from that of the other two models, which can be recovered as limiting cases of the two-fluid Alfvén model. New regions of perturbations against which the system is stable are identified and the dependence on physical parameters is described. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874077
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moderate-convergence inertial confinement fusion implosions in tetrahedral hohlraums at Omega (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2594-2603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A highly uniform thermal x-radiation field for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions may be obtained by irradiating a four-hole, tetrahedral geometry, spherical hohlraum with all 60 Omega laser beams. Implosion studies and calculations [J. M. Wallace et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3807 (1999)] indicate a drive uniformity comparable to that expected for the National Ignition Facility [J. A. Painser et al., Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)]. With 60 beams distributed over the cavity wall, tetrahedral hohlraums have a natural insensitivity to power balance and pointing errors. Standard, smooth Nova capsules imploded with this drive indicate that moderate convergence-ratio implosions, Cr∼18, have measured-neutron yield to calculated-clean-one-dimensional-neutronyield ratios similar to those previously investigated using the comparatively poor drive uniformity of Nova cylindrical hohlraums. This may indicate that a nonsymmetry-related neutron yield degradation mechanism, e.g., hydrodynamic mixing of cold, dense ablator material with the hot-spot region or some combination of nonsymmetry effects, is dominating in this Cr regime. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874101
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-induced transparency and self-induced opacity in laser-plasma interactions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1564-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interaction of a strong electromagnetic wave with a layer of overdense plasma is considered under conditions that allow for self-induced transparency (SIT). In a certain range of the amplitude of the incoming wave, the corresponding nonlinear one-dimensional (1D) set of equations is shown to admit two competing steady-state solutions that satisfy the same boundary conditions. One of those solutions describes just the well-known SIT regime of propagation, the other one corresponds to the full reflection of the incident wave. Their coexistence indicates the possibility of hysteresis-like effects in ultraintense laser interactions with overdense plasmas. 1D Particle-In-Cell simulations confirm analytical results and suggest the dominance of the opaque solution over the entire parameter window where it is possible. Fast longitudinal heating of plasma electrons occurs then in a natural way as a result of the breakup of the opaque solution above some threshold in laser intensity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873976
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