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  • 1
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    Enantioselective fragmentation of an achiral molecule in a strong laser field (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Chirality is omnipresent in living nature. On the single molecule level, the response of a chiral species to a chiral probe depends on their respective handedness. A prominent example is the difference in the interaction of a chiral molecule with left or right circularly polarized light. In the present study, we show by Coulomb explosion imaging that circularly polarized light can also induce a chiral fragmentation of a planar and thus achiral molecule. The observed enantiomer strongly depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to the light propagation direction and the helicity of the ionizing light. This finding might trigger new approaches to improve laser-driven enantioselective chemical synthesis.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Human-caused Indo-Pacific warm pool expansion (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-03
    Description: The Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) has warmed and grown substantially during the past century. The IPWP is Earth’s largest region of warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs), has the highest rainfall, and is fundamental to global atmospheric circulation and hydrological cycle. The region has also experienced the world’s highest rates of sea-level rise in recent decades, indicating large increases in ocean heat content and leading to substantial impacts on small island states in the region. Previous studies have considered mechanisms for the basin-scale ocean warming, but not the causes of the observed IPWP expansion, where expansion in the Indian Ocean has far exceeded that in the Pacific Ocean. We identify human and natural contributions to the observed IPWP changes since the 1950s by comparing observations with climate model simulations using an optimal fingerprinting technique. Greenhouse gas forcing is found to be the dominant cause of the observed increases in IPWP intensity and size, whereas natural fluctuations associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation have played a smaller yet significant role. Further, we show that the shape and impact of human-induced IPWP growth could be asymmetric between the Indian and Pacific basins, the causes of which remain uncertain. Human-induced changes in the IPWP have important implications for understanding and projecting related changes in monsoonal rainfall, and frequency or intensity of tropical storms, which have profound socioeconomic consequences.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Minimum field strength in precessional magnetization reversal (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-07
    Description: Ultrafast magnetic field pulses as short as 2 picoseconds are able to reverse the magnetization in thin, in-plane, magnetized cobalt films. The field pulses are applied in the plane of the film, and their direction encompasses all angles with the magnetization. At a right angle to the magnetization, maximum torque is exerted on the spins. In this geometry, a precessional magnetization reversal can be triggered by fields as small as 184 kiloamperes per meter. Applications in future ultrafast magnetic recording schemes can be foreseen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Back -- Allenspach -- Weber -- Parkin -- Weller -- Garwin -- Siegmann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):864-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. IBM Research Division, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    CD95/CD95 ligand interactions on epithelial cells in host defense to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-20
    Description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes severe infections, particularly of the lung, that are life threatening. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa infection induces apoptosis of lung epithelial cells by activation of the endogenous CD95/CD95 ligand system. Deficiency of CD95 or CD95 ligand on epithelial cells prevented apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in vivo as well as in vitro. The importance of CD95/CD95 ligand-mediated lung epithelial cell apoptosis was demonstrated by the rapid development of sepsis in CD95- or CD95 ligand-deficient mice, but not in normal mice, after P. aeruginosa infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grassme, H -- Kirschnek, S -- Riethmueller, J -- Riehle, A -- von Kurthy, G -- Lang, F -- Weller, M -- Gulbins, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):527-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstrasse 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells/*immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung/*immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Lung Diseases/*immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Pseudomonas Infections/*immunology/microbiology/pathology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Sepsis/microbiology ; Spleen/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Synthesis of monodisperse iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles by reduction of platinum acetylacetonate and decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of oleic acid and oleyl amine stabilizers is reported. The FePt particle composition is readily controlled, and the size is tunable from 3- to 10-nanometer diameter with a standard deviation of less than 5%. These nanoparticles self-assemble into three-dimensional superlattices. Thermal annealing converts the internal particle structure from a chemically disordered face-centered cubic phase to the chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal phase and transforms the nanoparticle superlattices into ferromagnetic nanocrystal assemblies. These assemblies are chemically and mechanically robust and can support high-density magnetization reversal transitions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun -- Murray -- Weller -- Folks -- Moser -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):1989-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA. IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Melatonin production: proteasomal proteolysis in serotonin N-acetyltransferase regulation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: The nocturnal increase in circulating melatonin in vertebrates is regulated by 10- to 100-fold increases in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) activity. Changes in the amount of AA-NAT protein were shown to parallel changes in AA-NAT activity. When neural stimulation was switched off by either light exposure or L-propranolol-induced beta-adrenergic blockade, both AA-NAT activity and protein decreased rapidly. Effects of L-propranolol were blocked in vitro by dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) or inhibitors of proteasomal proteolysis. This result indicates that adrenergic-cAMP regulation of AA-NAT is mediated by rapid reversible control of selective proteasomal proteolysis. Similar proteasome-based mechanisms may function widely as selective molecular switches in vertebrate neural systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gastel, J A -- Roseboom, P H -- Rinaldi, P A -- Weller, J L -- Klein, D C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 27;279(5355):1358-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4480, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9478897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/*metabolism ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Light ; Melatonin/*biosynthesis ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; Pineal Gland/cytology/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    Endogenous cholecystokinin reduces feeding in young rats (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-30
    Description: The hypothesis that endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) released from the small intestine during feeding causes satiety was tested in rat pups, 9 to 12 days old. Intragastric administration of soybean trypsin inhibitor, a procedure that releases CCK from the small intestine, decreased the subsequent intake of a test meal. This effect was reversed by prior treatment with MK-329, a selective antagonist of CCK at alimentary-type CCK (CCK-A) receptors. Thus, endogenous, small intestinal CCK can cause satiety in the neonatal rat and this effect involves CCK-A receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weller, A -- Smith, G P -- Gibbs, J -- MH00149/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH40010/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1589-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, White Plains, NY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Devazepide ; Eating/*physiology ; Intestine, Small/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Ultrathin PbS sheets by two-dimensional oriented attachment (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Controlling anisotropy is a key concept in the generation of complex functionality in advanced materials. For this concept, oriented attachment of nanocrystal building blocks, a self-assembly of particles into larger single-crystalline objects, is one of the most promising approaches in nanotechnology. We report here the two-dimensional oriented attachment of lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystals into ultrathin single-crystal sheets with dimensions on the micrometer scale. We found that this process is initiated by cosolvents, which alter nucleation and growth rates during the primary nanocrystal formation, and is finally driven by dense packing of oleic acid ligands on {100} facets of PbS. The obtained nanosheets can be readily integrated in a photodetector device without further treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schliehe, Constanze -- Juarez, Beatriz H -- Pelletier, Marie -- Jander, Sebastian -- Greshnykh, Denis -- Nagel, Mona -- Meyer, Andreas -- Foerster, Stephan -- Kornowski, Andreas -- Klinke, Christian -- Weller, Horst -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):550-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1188035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Identification of a DNA nonhomologous end-joining complex in bacteria (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: In eukaryotic cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are generally repaired by the pathway of homologous recombination or by DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Both pathways have been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, but no equivalent NHEJ system has been identified in prokaryotes. The NHEJ pathway requires a DNA end-binding component called Ku. We have identified bacterial Ku homologs and show that these proteins retain the biochemical characteristics of the eukaryotic Ku heterodimer. Furthermore, we show that bacterial Ku specifically recruits DNA ligase to DNA ends and stimulates DNA ligation. Loss of these proteins leads to hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in Bacillus subtilis. These data provide evidence that many bacteria possess a DNA DSB repair apparatus that shares many features with the NHEJ system of eukarya and suggest that this DNA repair pathway arose before the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages diverged.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weller, Geoffrey R -- Kysela, Boris -- Roy, Rajat -- Tonkin, Louise M -- Scanlan, Elizabeth -- Della, Marina -- Devine, Susanne Krogh -- Day, Jonathan P -- Wilkinson, Adam -- d'Adda di Fagagna, Fabrizio -- Devine, Kevin M -- Bowater, Richard P -- Jeggo, Penny A -- Jackson, Stephen P -- Doherty, Aidan J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1686-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Institute for Medical Research & Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Antigens, Nuclear ; Bacillus subtilis/*genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA Ligases/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Bacterial/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Enhanced upper tropical tropospheric COS: impact on the stratospheric aerosol layer (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is considered to be a major source of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol during periods of volcanic quiescence. We measured COS at the tropical tropopause and find mixing ratios to be 20 to 50% larger than are assumed in models. The enhanced COS levels are correlated with high concentrations of biomass-burning pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The analysis of backward trajectories and global maps of fire statistics suggest that biomass-burning emissions transported upward by deep convection are the source of the enhanced COS in the upper tropical troposphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Notholt, J -- Kuang, Z -- Rinsland, C P -- Toon, G C -- Rex, M -- Jones, N -- Albrecht, T -- Deckelmann, H -- Krieg, J -- Weinzierl, C -- Bingemer, H -- Weller, R -- Schrems, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):307-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. jnotholt@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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