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  • 1
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    Genomic evidence for West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse during the Last Interglacial (2023)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 382(6677), pp. 1384-1389, ISSN: 0036-8075
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered vulnerable to irreversible collapse under future climate trajectories, and its tipping point may lie within the mitigated warming scenarios of 1.5° to 2°C of the United Nations Paris Agreement. Knowledge of ice loss during similarly warm past climates could resolve this uncertainty, including the Last Interglacial when global sea levels were 5 to 10 meters higher than today and global average temperatures were 0.5° to 1.5°C warmer than preindustrial levels. Using a panel of genome-wide, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of a circum-Antarctic octopus, we show persistent, historic signals of gene flow only possible with complete WAIS collapse. Our results provide the first empirical evidence that the tipping point of WAIS loss could be reached even under stringent climate mitigation scenarios.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Immunology. Antigen presentation--losing its shine in the absence of GILT (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watts, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1294-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. c.watts@dundee.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/enzymology/*immunology ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Endosomes/enzymology ; Epitopes/chemistry/immunology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Muramidase/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Emergence of modern human behavior: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: In the Eurasian Upper Paleolithic after about 35,000 years ago, abstract or depictional images provide evidence for cognitive abilities considered integral to modern human behavior. Here we report on two abstract representations engraved on pieces of red ochre recovered from the Middle Stone Age layers at Blombos Cave in South Africa. A mean date of 77,000 years was obtained for the layers containing the engraved ochres by thermoluminescence dating of burnt lithics, and the stratigraphic integrity was confirmed by an optically stimulated luminescence age of 70,000 years on an overlying dune. These engravings support the emergence of modern human behavior in Africa at least 35,000 years before the start of the Upper Paleolithic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henshilwood, Christopher S -- d'Errico, Francesco -- Yates, Royden -- Jacobs, Zenobia -- Tribolo, Chantal -- Duller, Geoff A T -- Mercier, Norbert -- Sealy, Judith C -- Valladas, Helene -- Watts, Ian -- Wintle, Ann G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1278-80. Epub 2002 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Iziko Museums of Cape Town, South African Museum, Post Office Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa. chenshilwood@iziko.org.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aluminum Silicates ; Animals ; *Archaeology ; *Behavior ; Cognition ; *Engraving and Engravings ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; South Africa ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Magma flow instability and cyclic activity at soufriere hills volcano, montserrat, british west indies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: Dome growth at the Soufriere Hills volcano (1996 to 1998) was frequently accompanied by repetitive cycles of earthquakes, ground deformation, degassing, and explosive eruptions. The cycles reflected unsteady conduit flow of volatile-charged magma resulting from gas exsolution, rheological stiffening, and pressurization. The cycles, over hours to days, initiated when degassed stiff magma retarded flow in the upper conduit. Conduit pressure built with gas exsolution, causing shallow seismicity and edifice inflation. Magma and gas were then expelled and the edifice deflated. The repeat time-scale is controlled by magma ascent rates, degassing, and microlite crystallization kinetics. Cyclic behavior allows short-term forecasting of timing, and of eruption style related to explosivity potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Voight -- Sparks -- Miller -- Stewart -- Hoblitt -- Clarke -- Ewart -- Aspinall -- Baptie -- Calder -- Cole -- Druitt -- Hartford -- Herd -- Jackson -- Lejeune -- Lockhart -- Loughlin -- Luckett -- Lynch -- Norton -- Robertson -- Watson -- Watts -- Young -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1138-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Montserrat, British West Indies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    AIDS. Resource needs for HIV/AIDS (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartlander, B -- Stover, J -- Walker, N -- Bollinger, L -- Gutierrez, J P -- McGreevey, W -- Opuni, M -- Forsythe, S -- Kumaranayake, L -- Watts, C -- Bertozzi, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2434-6. Epub 2001 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland. schwartlanderb@unaids.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/therapy ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Developed Countries/economics ; Developing Countries/economics ; Female ; Financing, Organized ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control/therapy ; Health Care Costs ; *Health Expenditures ; *Health Resources ; Health Services/economics ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Enhanced photovoltage for inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with inverted planar structures are still inferior to those of PSCs with regular structures, mainly because of lower open-circuit voltages ( V oc ). Here we report a strategy to reduce nonradiative recombination for the inverted devices, based on a simple solution-processed secondary growth technique. This approach produces a wider bandgap top layer and a more n-type perovskite film, which mitigates nonradiative recombination, leading to an increase in V oc by up to 100 millivolts. We achieved a high V oc of 1.21 volts without sacrificing photocurrent, corresponding to a voltage deficit of 0.41 volts at a bandgap of 1.62 electron volts. This improvement led to a stabilized power output approaching 21% at the maximum power point.
    Keywords: Materials Science, Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Tyrosyl phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinases by p56lck (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-02-14
    Description: T cell signaling via the CD4 surface antigen is mediated by the associated tyrosyl protein kinase p56lck. The 42-kilodalton mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (p42mapk) was tyrosyl-phosphorylated and activated after treatment of the murine T lymphoma cell line 171CD4+, which expresses CD4, with antibody to CD3. Treatment of the CD4-deficient cell line 171 with the same antibody did not result in phosphorylation or activation of p42mapk. Purified p56lck both tyrosyl-phosphorylated and stimulated the seryl-threonyl phosphotransferase activity of purified p44mpk, a MAP kinase isoform from sea star oocytes. A synthetic peptide modeled after the putative regulatory phosphorylation site in murine p42mapk (Tyr185) was phosphorylated by p56lck with a similar Vmax, but a fivefold lower Michaelis constant (Km) than a peptide containing the Tyr394 autophosphorylation site from p56lck. MAP kinases may participate in protein kinase cascades that link Src family protein-tyrosyl kinases to seryl-threonyl kinases such as those encoded by rsk and raf, which are putative substrates of MAP kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ettehadieh, E -- Sanghera, J S -- Pelech, S L -- Hess-Bienz, D -- Watts, J -- Shastri, N -- Aebersold, R -- R126604/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Feb 14;255(5046):853-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1311128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Cell Line ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: The normal synovium forms a membrane at the edges of joints and provides lubrication and nutrients for the cartilage. In rheumatoid arthritis, the synovium is the site of inflammation, and it participates in an organized tissue response that damages cartilage and bone. We identified cadherin-11 as essential for the development of the synovium. Cadherin-11-deficient mice have a hypoplastic synovial lining, display a disorganized synovial reaction to inflammation, and are resistant to inflammatory arthritis. Cadherin-11 therapeutics prevent and reduce arthritis in mouse models. Thus, synovial cadherin-11 determines the behavior of synovial cells in their proinflammatory and destructive tissue response in inflammatory arthritis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, David M -- Kiener, Hans P -- Agarwal, Sandeep K -- Noss, Erika H -- Watts, Gerald F M -- Chisaka, Osamu -- Takeichi, Masatoshi -- Brenner, Michael B -- K08 AR2214/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR48114/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):1006-10. Epub 2007 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Experimental ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism/*pathology/therapy ; Cadherins/*antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis/deficiency/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Synovial Membrane/*cytology/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Platelets amplify inflammation in arthritis via collagen-dependent microparticle production (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: In addition to their pivotal role in thrombosis and wound repair, platelets participate in inflammatory responses. We investigated the role of platelets in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. We identified platelet microparticles--submicrometer vesicles elaborated by activated platelets--in joint fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, but not in joint fluid from patients with osteoarthritis. Platelet microparticles were proinflammatory, eliciting cytokine responses from synovial fibroblasts via interleukin-1. Consistent with these findings, depletion of platelets attenuated murine inflammatory arthritis. Using both pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we identified the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI as a key trigger for platelet microparticle generation in arthritis pathophysiology. Thus, these findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for platelets and their activation-induced microparticles in inflammatory joint diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927861/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2927861/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boilard, Eric -- Nigrovic, Peter A -- Larabee, Katherine -- Watts, Gerald F M -- Coblyn, Jonathan S -- Weinblatt, Michael E -- Massarotti, Elena M -- Remold-O'Donnell, Eileen -- Farndale, Richard W -- Ware, Jerry -- Lee, David M -- G0500707/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HL091269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL50545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08AR051321/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI065858/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545-16/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL050545-18/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL091269/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL091269-01A2/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RG/09/003/27122/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):580-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1181928.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/blood/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*blood/*immunology/physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell-Derived Microparticles/metabolism/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*metabolism ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Collagen/metabolism ; Synovial Fluid/cytology/*immunology ; Synovial Membrane/cytology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Devries, K M -- Mak, J Y T -- Garcia-Moreno, C -- Petzold, M -- Child, J C -- Falder, G -- Lim, S -- Bacchus, L J -- Engell, R E -- Rosenfeld, L -- Pallitto, C -- Vos, T -- Abrahams, N -- Watts, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 28;340(6140):1527-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240937. Epub 2013 Jun 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. karen.devries@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention/methods ; Spouse Abuse/*prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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