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  • 1
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    Long-term change in the nitrogen cycle of tropical forests (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) from human activities has large effects on temperate forests where low natural N availability limits productivity but is not known to affect tropical forests where natural N availability is often much greater. Leaf N and the ratio of N isotopes (delta(15)N) increased substantially in a moist forest in Panama between ~1968 and 2007, as did tree-ring delta(15)N in a dry forest in Thailand over the past century. A decade of fertilization of a nearby Panamanian forest with N caused similar increases in leaf N and delta(15)N. Therefore, our results indicate regional increases in N availability due to anthropogenic N deposition. Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide measurements and increased emissions of anthropogenic reactive N over tropical land areas suggest that these changes are widespread in tropical forests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hietz, Peter -- Turner, Benjamin L -- Wanek, Wolfgang -- Richter, Andreas -- Nock, Charles A -- Wright, S Joseph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):664-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1211979.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria. peter.hietz@boku.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Nitrogen Cycle ; Panama ; Plant Leaves ; Thailand ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Skeletal muscle: length-dependent effects of potentiating agents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: The ability of vertebrae skeletal muscle to contract more vigorously than normal in the presence of potentiating agents depends on the initial length of a muscle cell. Other factors such as the intracellular calcium ion transient, temperature, chemical nature of the potentiating agent, and the ratio of intrinsic twitch to tetanic force influence the degree of contractile potentiation but cannot account for the length dependence. At least part of a muscle cell seems normally less than fully active during contractions not only at short lengths but also at optimal sarcomere lengths.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lopez, J R -- Wanek, L A -- Taylor, S R -- NS 14268/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):79-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6974399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin ; Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rana temporaria ; Temperature ; Zinc/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Decoupling of microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in response to extreme temperature events (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-04
    Description: Predicted changes in the intensity and frequency of climate extremes urge a better mechanistic understanding of the stress response of microbially mediated carbon (C) and nutrient cycling processes. We analyzed the resistance and resilience of microbial C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling processes and microbial community composition in decomposing plant litter to transient, but severe, temperature disturbances, namely, freeze-thaw and heat. Disturbances led temporarily to a more rapid cycling of C and N but caused a down-regulation of P cycling. In contrast to the fast recovery of the initially stimulated C and N processes, we found a slow recovery of P mineralization rates, which was not accompanied by significant changes in community composition. The functional and structural responses to the two distinct temperature disturbances were markedly similar, suggesting that direct negative physical effects and costs associated with the stress response were comparable. Moreover, the stress response of extracellular enzyme activities, but not that of intracellular microbial processes (for example, respiration or N mineralization), was dependent on the nutrient content of the resource through its effect on microbial physiology and community composition. Our laboratory study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of microbial functional stress responses that can serve as a basis for field studies and, in particular, illustrates the need for a closer integration of microbial C-N-P interactions into climate extremes research.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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