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  • 1
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    Locally resonant sonic materials (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-08
    Description: We have fabricated sonic crystals, based on the idea of localized resonant structures, that exhibit spectral gaps with a lattice constant two orders of magnitude smaller than the relevant wavelength. Disordered composites made from such localized resonant structures behave as a material with effective negative elastic constants and a total wave reflector within certain tunable sonic frequency ranges. A 2-centimeter slab of this composite material is shown to break the conventional mass-density law of sound transmission by one or more orders of magnitude at 400 hertz.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu -- Zhang -- Mao -- Zhu -- Yang -- Chan -- Sheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1734-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10976063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Superconductivity in 4 angstrom single-walled carbon nanotubes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-30
    Description: Investigation of the magnetic and transport properties of single-walled small-diameter carbon nanotubes embedded in a zeolite matrix revealed that at temperatures below 20 kelvin, 4 angstrom tubes exhibit superconducting behavior manifest as an anisotropic Meissner effect, with a superconducting gap and fluctuation supercurrent. The measured superconducting characteristics display smooth temperature variations owing to one-dimensional fluctuations, with a mean-field superconducting transition temperature of 15 kelvin. Statistical mechanic calculations based on the Ginzburg-Landau free-energy functional yield predictions that are in excellent agreement with the experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Z K -- Zhang, L -- Wang, N -- Zhang, X X -- Wen, G H -- Li, G D -- Wang, J N -- Chan, C T -- Sheng, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2462-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11431560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Heat conductivity of amorphous solids: simulation results on model structures (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Through numerical simulation and consideration of phonon scattering by two-level states, the heat conductivity kappa(T), where T is temperature, has been calculated on model structures. The values obtained are in good quantitative agreement with measured data on polymethylmethacrylate, epoxy, amorphous selenium, and amorphous silicon dioxide over the temperature range 0.1 to 100 K. The calculated results reproduce the plateau feature, in the range of 5 to 20 K, that is generic to the heat conductivity of amorphous solids. Two model parameters, one characterizing the degree of structural disorder and the other related to the relaxational absorption of two-level states, are identified as being responsible for the behavior of kappa(T) at T 〉/= 5 K. The simulation results indicate the existence of a frequency-independent phonon diffusion regime that is consistent with the minimum phonon mean-free-path hypothesis. The magnitude of the phonon diffusion constant in this regime is shown to give a reasonable quantitative account of high-temperature kappa(T) in amorphous systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheng, P -- Zhou, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):539-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Applied physics. Waves on the horizon (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheng, Ping -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China. sheng@ust.hk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Giant Rashba splitting in 2D organic-inorganic halide perovskites measured by transient spectroscopies (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-29
    Description: Two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors form natural "multiple quantum wells" that have strong spin-orbit coupling due to the heavy elements in their building blocks. This may lead to "Rashba splitting" close to the extrema in the electron bands. We have used a plethora of ultrafast transient, nonlinear optical spectroscopies and theoretical calculations to study the primary (excitons) and long-lived (free carriers) photoexcitations in thin films of 2D perovskite, namely, (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 . The density functional theory calculation shows the occurrence of Rashba splitting in the plane perpendicular to the 2D barrier. From the electroabsorption spectrum and photoinduced absorption spectra from excitons and free carriers, we obtain a giant Rashba splitting in this compound, with energy splitting of (40 ± 5) meV and Rashba parameter of (1.6 ± 0.1) eV·Å, which are among the highest Rashba splitting size parameters reported so far. This finding shows that 2D hybrid perovskites have great promise for potential applications in spintronics.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Acoustic metamaterials: From local resonances to broad horizons (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-28
    Description: Within a time span of 15 years, acoustic metamaterials have emerged from academic curiosity to become an active field driven by scientific discoveries and diverse application potentials. This review traces the development of acoustic metamaterials from the initial findings of mass density and bulk modulus frequency dispersions in locally resonant structures to the diverse functionalities afforded by the perspective of negative constitutive parameter values, and their implications for acoustic wave behaviors. We survey the more recent developments, which include compact phase manipulation structures, superabsorption, and actively controllable metamaterials as well as the new directions on acoustic wave transport in moving fluid, elastic, and mechanical metamaterials, graphene-inspired metamaterials, and structures whose characteristics are best delineated by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Many of the novel acoustic metamaterial structures have transcended the original definition of metamaterials as arising from the collective manifestations of constituent resonating units, but they continue to extend wave manipulation functionalities beyond those found in nature.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    The spin Nernst effect in tungsten (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-04
    Description: The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find changes in the longitudinal and transverse voltages with magnetic field when temperature gradient is applied across the film. The field dependence of the voltage resembles that of the spin Hall magnetoresistance. A comparison of the temperature gradient–induced voltage and the spin Hall magnetoresistance allows direct estimation of the spin Nernst angle. We find the spin Nernst angle of W to be similar in magnitude but opposite in sign to its spin Hall angle. Under an open-circuit condition, this sign difference results in the spin current generation larger than otherwise. These results highlight the distinct characteristics of the spin Nernst and spin Hall effects, providing pathways to explore materials with unique band structures that may generate large spin current with high efficiency.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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