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  • 1
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    Interface-driven topological Hall effect in SrRuO3-SrIrO3 bilayer (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: Electron transport coupled with magnetism has attracted attention over the years. Among them, recently discovered is topological Hall effect (THE), originating from scalar spin chirality, that is, the solid angle subtended by the spins. THE is found to be a promising tool for probing the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and consequent magnetic skyrmions. This interaction arises from broken inversion symmetry and hence can be artificially introduced at interface; this concept is lately verified in metal multilayers. However, there are few attempts to investigate such DM interaction at interface through electron transport. We clarified how the transport properties couple with interface DM interaction by fabricating the epitaxial oxide interface. We observed THE in epitaxial bilayers consisting of ferromagnetic SrRuO 3 and paramagnetic SrIrO 3 over a wide region of both temperature and magnetic field. The magnitude of THE rapidly decreases with the thickness of SrRuO 3 , suggesting that the interface DM interaction plays a significant role. Such interaction is expected to realize a 10-nm-sized Néel-type magnetic skyrmion. The present results established that the high-quality oxide interface enables us to tune the effective DM interaction; this can be a step toward future topological electronics.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    [Report] A lightweight shape-memory magnesium alloy (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-22
    Description: Shape-memory alloys (SMAs), which display shape recovery upon heating, as well as superelasticity, offer many technological advantages in various applications. Those distinctive behaviors have been observed in many polycrystalline alloy systems such as nickel titantium (TiNi)–, copper-, iron-, nickel-, cobalt-, and Ti-based alloys but not in lightweight alloys such as magnesium (Mg) and aluminum alloys. Here we present a Mg SMA showing superelasticity of 4.4% at –150°C and shape recovery upon heating. The shape-memory properties are caused by reversible martensitic transformation. This Mg alloy includes lightweight scandium, and its density is about 2 grams per cubic centimeter, which is one-third less than that of practical TiNi SMAs. This finding raises the potential for development and application of lightweight SMAs across a number of industries. Authors: Yukiko Ogawa, Daisuke Ando, Yuji Sutou, Junichi Koike
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The geomorphology, color, and thermal properties of Ryugu: Implications for parent-body processes (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu is thought to have been produced from a parent body that contained water ice and organic molecules. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft has obtained global multi-color images of Ryugu. Geomorphological features present include a circum-equatorial ridge, east/west dichotomy, high boulder abundances across the entire surface, and impact craters. Age estimates from the craters indicate a resurfacing age of 〈f〉〈/f〉 years for the top 1-meter layer. Ryugu is among the darkest known bodies in the Solar System. The high abundance and spectral properties of boulders are consistent with moderately dehydrated materials, analogous to thermally metamorphosed meteorites found on Earth. The general uniformity in color across Ryugu’s surface supports partial dehydration due to internal heating of the asteroid’s parent body.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
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    A cytotoxic ribonuclease targeting specific transfer RNA anticodons (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: The carboxyl-terminal domain of colicin E5 was shown to inhibit protein synthesis of Escherichia coli. Its target, as revealed through in vivo and in vitro experiments, was not ribosomes as in the case of E3, but the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for Tyr, His, Asn, and Asp, which contain a modified base, queuine, at the wobble position of each anticodon. The E5 carboxyl-terminal domain hydrolyzed these tRNAs just on the 3' side of this nucleotide. Tight correlation was observed between the toxicity of E5 and the cleavage of intracellular tRNAs of this group, implying that these tRNAs are the primary targets of colicin E5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, T -- Tomita, K -- Ueda, T -- Watanabe, K -- Uozumi, T -- Masaki, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2097-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Colicins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Guanine/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acid-Specific/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asn/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Asp/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, His/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Tyr/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ribosomes/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    An LRR receptor kinase involved in perception of a peptide plant hormone, phytosulfokine (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: The sulfated peptide phytosulfokine (PSK) is an intercellular signal that plays a key role in cellular dedifferentiation and proliferation in plants. Using ligand-based affinity chromatography, we purified a 120-kilodalton membrane protein, specifically interacting with PSK, from carrot microsomal fractions. The corresponding complementary DNA encodes a 1021-amino acid receptor kinase that contains extracellular leucine-rich repeats, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Overexpression of this receptor kinase in carrot cells caused enhanced callus growth in response to PSK and a substantial increase in the number of tritium-labeled PSK binding sites, suggesting that PSK and this receptor kinase act as a ligand-receptor pair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsubayashi, Yoshikatsu -- Ogawa, Mari -- Morita, Akiko -- Sakagami, Youji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. matsu@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; DNA, Complementary ; Daucus carota/cytology/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Genes, Plant ; Glycosylation ; Leucine ; Ligands ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Peptide Hormones ; *Plant Growth Regulators ; Plant Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Real-time observation of adsorbate atom motion above a metal surface (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-29
    Description: The dynamics of cesium atom motion above the copper(111) surface following electronic excitation with light was studied with femtosecond (10(-15) seconds) time resolution. Unusual changes in the surface electronic structure within 160 femtoseconds after excitation, observed by time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy, are attributed to atomic motion in a copper-cesium bond-breaking process. Describing the change in energy of the cesium antibonding state with a simple classical model provides information on the mechanical forces acting on cesium atoms that are "turned on" by photoexcitation. Within 160 femtoseconds, the copper-cesium bond extends by 0.35 angstrom from its equilibrium value.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petek -- Weida -- Nagano -- Ogawa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 26;288(5470):1402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10827946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
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    Production of refractory dissolved organic matter by bacteria (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-08
    Description: Most of the oceanic reservoir of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is of marine origin and is resistant to microbial oxidation, but little is known about the mechanisms of its formation. In a laboratory study, natural assemblages of marine bacteria rapidly (in 〈48 hours) utilized labile compounds (glucose, glutamate) and produced refractory DOM that persisted for more than a year. Only 10 to 15% of the bacterially derived DOM was identified as hydrolyzable amino acids and sugars, a feature consistent with marine DOM. These results suggest that microbial processes alter the molecular structure of DOM, making it resistant to further degradation and thereby preserving fixed carbon in the ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogawa, H -- Amagai, Y -- Koike, I -- Kaiser, K -- Benner, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 4;292(5518):917-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan. hogawa@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11340202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Amino Sugars/metabolism ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; *Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Muramic Acids/metabolism ; Organic Chemicals/*metabolism ; Peptidoglycan/metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    OPC-21268, an orally effective, nonpeptide vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-04-26
    Description: An orally effective, nonpeptide, vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist, OPC-21268, has been identified. This compound selectively antagonized binding to the V1 subtype of the vasopressin receptor in a competitive manner. In vivo, the compound acted as a specific antagonist of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced vasoconstriction. After oral administration in conscious rats, the compound also antagonized pressor responses to AVP. OPC-21268 can be used to study the physiological role of AVP and may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamura, Y -- Ogawa, H -- Chihara, T -- Kondo, K -- Onogawa, T -- Nakamura, S -- Mori, T -- Tominaga, M -- Yabuuchi, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 26;252(5005):572-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Second Tokushima Institute of New Drug Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1850553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding, Competitive ; Blood Pressure/*drug effects ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Liver/metabolism ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Piperidines/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Quinolones/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Vasopressin ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Crystal structure of transforming growth factor-beta 2: an unusual fold for the superfamily (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-17
    Description: The transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-beta 1 through -beta 5) are a family of homodimeric cytokines that regulate proliferation and function in many cell types. Family members have 66 to 80% sequence identity and nine strictly conserved cysteines. A crystal structure of a member of this family, TGF-beta 2, has been determined at 2.1 angstrom (A) resolution and refined to an R factor of 0.172. The monomer lacks a well-defined hydrophobic core and displays an unusual elongated nonglobular fold with dimensions of approximately 60 A by 20 A by 15 A. Eight cysteines form four intrachain disulfide bonds, which are clustered in a core region forming a network complementary to the network of hydrogen bonds. The dimer is stabilized by the ninth cysteine, which forms an interchain disulfide bond, and by two identical hydrophobic interfaces. Sequence profile analysis of other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, including the activins, inhibins, and several developmental factors, imply that they also adopt the TGF-beta fold.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daopin, S -- Piez, K A -- Ogawa, Y -- Davies, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jul 17;257(5068):369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1631557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallography ; Drosophila ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*chemistry ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Underexpression of beta cell high Km glucose transporters in noninsulin-dependent diabetes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-26
    Description: The role of defective glucose transport in the pathogenesis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) was examined in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, a model of NIDDM. As in human NIDDM, insulin secretion was unresponsive to 20 mM glucose. Uptake of 3-O-methylglucose by islet cells was less than 19% of controls. The beta cell glucose transporter (GLUT-2) immunoreactivity and amount of GLUT-2 messenger RNA were profoundly reduced. Whenever fewer than 60% of beta cells were GLUT-2-positive, the response to glucose was absent and hyperglycemia exceeded 11 mM plasma glucose. We conclude that in NIDDM underexpression of GLUT-2 messenger RNA lowers high Km glucose transport in beta cells, and thereby impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevents correction of hyperglycemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, J H -- Ogawa, A -- Chen, L -- Orci, L -- Newgard, C B -- Alam, T -- Unger, R H -- DK02700-30/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 26;250(4980):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Diabetes Research, University of Texas, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-O-Methylglucose ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Immunoblotting ; Insulin/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Methylglucosides/metabolism ; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Obesity ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rats, Zucker
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