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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1
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    Direct observation of internal spin structure of magnetic vortex cores (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: Thin film nanoscale elements with a curling magnetic structure (vortex) are a promising candidate for future nonvolatile data storage devices. Their properties are strongly influenced by the spin structure in the vortex core. We have used spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy on nanoscale iron islands to probe for the first time the internal spin structure of magnetic vortex cores. Using tips coated with a layer of antiferromagnetic chromium, we obtained images of the curling in-plane magnetization around and of the out-of-plane magnetization inside the core region. The experimental data are compared with micromagnetic simulations. The results confirm theoretical predictions that the size and the shape of the vortex core as well as its magnetic field dependence are governed by only two material parameters, the exchange stiffness and the saturation magnetization that determines the stray field energy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wachowiak, A -- Wiebe, J -- Bode, M -- Pietzsch, O -- Morgenstern, M -- Wiesendanger, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):577-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Applied Physics and Microstructure Research Center, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 11, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Dynamic proteomics of individual cancer cells in response to a drug (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-22
    Description: Why do seemingly identical cells respond differently to a drug? To address this, we studied the dynamics and variability of the protein response of human cancer cells to a chemotherapy drug, camptothecin. We present a dynamic-proteomics approach that measures the levels and locations of nearly 1000 different endogenously tagged proteins in individual living cells at high temporal resolution. All cells show rapid translocation of proteins specific to the drug mechanism, including the drug target (topoisomerase-1), and slower, wide-ranging temporal waves of protein degradation and accumulation. However, the cells differ in the behavior of a subset of proteins. We identify proteins whose dynamics differ widely between cells, in a way that corresponds to the outcomes-cell death or survival. This opens the way to understanding molecular responses to drugs in individual cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, A A -- Geva-Zatorsky, N -- Eden, E -- Frenkel-Morgenstern, M -- Issaeva, I -- Sigal, A -- Milo, R -- Cohen-Saidon, C -- Liron, Y -- Kam, Z -- Cohen, L -- Danon, T -- Perzov, N -- Alon, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1511-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1160165. Epub 2008 Nov 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ariel.cohen@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*pharmacology ; Camptothecin/*pharmacology ; Cell Death ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleolus/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cytoplasm/drug effects/metabolism ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Proteome/*metabolism ; Proteomics ; Replication Protein C/metabolism ; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Imaging phonon excitation with atomic resolution (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy at low temperatures was used to investigate vibrations of Au(111) and Cu(111). The low-energy peaks at 9 millielectron volts (meV) on Au(111) and 21 meV on Cu(111) are attributed to phonons at surfaces. On Au(111), the phonon energy is not influenced by the different stacking of the surface atoms, but it is considerably influenced by different atomic distances within the surface layer. The spatial variation of the phonon excitation is measured in inelastic electron tunneling maps on Au(111), which display atomic resolution. This atomic resolution is explained in terms of site-specific phonon excitation probabilities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gawronski, H -- Mehlhorn, M -- Morgenstern, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):930-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1152473.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Solid State Physics, Department of Surface Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. gawronski@fkp.uni-hannover.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Physics. STM ready for the time domain (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morgenstern, Markus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1609-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1194918.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074 Germany. mmorgens@physik.rwth-aachen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The Paleozoic origin of enzymatic lignin decomposition reconstructed from 31 fungal genomes (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-30
    Description: Wood is a major pool of organic carbon that is highly resistant to decay, owing largely to the presence of lignin. The only organisms capable of substantial lignin decay are white rot fungi in the Agaricomycetes, which also contains non-lignin-degrading brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species. Comparative analyses of 31 fungal genomes (12 generated for this study) suggest that lignin-degrading peroxidases expanded in the lineage leading to the ancestor of the Agaricomycetes, which is reconstructed as a white rot species, and then contracted in parallel lineages leading to brown rot and mycorrhizal species. Molecular clock analyses suggest that the origin of lignin degradation might have coincided with the sharp decrease in the rate of organic carbon burial around the end of the Carboniferous period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Floudas, Dimitrios -- Binder, Manfred -- Riley, Robert -- Barry, Kerrie -- Blanchette, Robert A -- Henrissat, Bernard -- Martinez, Angel T -- Otillar, Robert -- Spatafora, Joseph W -- Yadav, Jagjit S -- Aerts, Andrea -- Benoit, Isabelle -- Boyd, Alex -- Carlson, Alexis -- Copeland, Alex -- Coutinho, Pedro M -- de Vries, Ronald P -- Ferreira, Patricia -- Findley, Keisha -- Foster, Brian -- Gaskell, Jill -- Glotzer, Dylan -- Gorecki, Pawel -- Heitman, Joseph -- Hesse, Cedar -- Hori, Chiaki -- Igarashi, Kiyohiko -- Jurgens, Joel A -- Kallen, Nathan -- Kersten, Phil -- Kohler, Annegret -- Kues, Ursula -- Kumar, T K Arun -- Kuo, Alan -- LaButti, Kurt -- Larrondo, Luis F -- Lindquist, Erika -- Ling, Albee -- Lombard, Vincent -- Lucas, Susan -- Lundell, Taina -- Martin, Rachael -- McLaughlin, David J -- Morgenstern, Ingo -- Morin, Emanuelle -- Murat, Claude -- Nagy, Laszlo G -- Nolan, Matt -- Ohm, Robin A -- Patyshakuliyeva, Aleksandrina -- Rokas, Antonis -- Ruiz-Duenas, Francisco J -- Sabat, Grzegorz -- Salamov, Asaf -- Samejima, Masahiro -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Slot, Jason C -- St John, Franz -- Stenlid, Jan -- Sun, Hui -- Sun, Sheng -- Syed, Khajamohiddin -- Tsang, Adrian -- Wiebenga, Ad -- Young, Darcy -- Pisabarro, Antonio -- Eastwood, Daniel C -- Martin, Francis -- Cullen, Dan -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Hibbett, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 29;336(6089):1715-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1221748.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22745431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basidiomycota/classification/*enzymology/*genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Fungal ; Indoles ; Lignin/*metabolism ; Peroxidases/*genetics/metabolism ; Wood/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    Multivalent counterions diminish the lubricity of polyelectrolyte brushes (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: Polyelectrolyte brushes provide wear protection and lubrication in many technical, medical, physiological, and biological applications. Wear resistance and low friction are attributed to counterion osmotic pressure and the hydration layer surrounding the charged polymer segments. However, the presence of multivalent counterions in solution can strongly affect the interchain interactions and structural properties of brush layers. We evaluated the lubrication properties of polystyrene sulfonate brush layers sliding against each other in aqueous solutions containing increasing concentrations of counterions. The presence of multivalent ions (Y 3+ , Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ ), even at minute concentrations, markedly increases the friction forces between brush layers owing to electrostatic bridging and brush collapse. Our results suggest that the lubricating properties of polyelectrolyte brushes in multivalent solution are hindered relative to those in monovalent solution.
    Keywords: Chemistry, Materials Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Finding optimal surface sites on heterogeneous catalysts by counting nearest neighbors (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-10
    Description: A good heterogeneous catalyst for a given chemical reaction very often has only one specific type of surface site that is catalytically active. Widespread methodologies such as Sabatier-type activity plots determine optimal adsorption energies to maximize catalytic activity, but these are difficult to use as guidelines to devise new catalysts. We introduce "coordination-activity plots" that predict the geometric structure of optimal active sites. The method is illustrated on the oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by platinum. Sites with the same number of first-nearest neighbors as (111) terraces but with an increased number of second-nearest neighbors are predicted to have superior catalytic activity. We used this rationale to create highly active sites on platinum (111), without alloying and using three different affordable experimental methods.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calle-Vallejo, Federico -- Tymoczko, Jakub -- Colic, Viktor -- Vu, Quang Huy -- Pohl, Marcus D -- Morgenstern, Karina -- Loffreda, David -- Sautet, Philippe -- Schuhmann, Wolfgang -- Bandarenka, Aliaksandr S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 9;350(6257):185-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex-07, France. Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. These authors contributed equally to this work. bandarenka@ph.tum.de philippe.sautet@ens-lyon.fr f.calle.vallejo@chem.leidenuniv.nl. ; Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. Analytical Chemistry, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. These authors contributed equally to this work. ; Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. ; Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. ; Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. ; Universite de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex-07, France. ; Universite de Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 Allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex-07, France. bandarenka@ph.tum.de philippe.sautet@ens-lyon.fr f.calle.vallejo@chem.leidenuniv.nl. ; Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. Analytical Chemistry, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. ; Center for Electrochemical Sciences, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Universitatstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany. Energy Conversion and Storage, Physik-Department, Technische Universitat Munchen, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany. bandarenka@ph.tum.de philippe.sautet@ens-lyon.fr f.calle.vallejo@chem.leidenuniv.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26450207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Substance P: does it produce analgesia or hyperalgesia? (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-18
    Description: In the hot plate test, substance P given intravenously at doses of 5 x 10-5 and 5 x 10-4 gram per kilogram caused analgesia, while lower doses caused hyperalgesia. The influence of substance P on nociception depended on the individual mouse's sensitivity to pain (control response latency). Analgesia was produced by substance P administered to mice with high sensitivity to thermic stimulation, whereas hyperalgesia occurred in mice whose control latencies were longer than normal. This result is interpreted as an indication that substance P is capable of normalizing responsiveness to pain and could be classified as a regulatory peptide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oehme, P -- Hilse, H -- Morgenstern, E -- Gores, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 18;208(4441):305-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hot Temperature ; Hyperalgesia/*chemically induced ; Hyperesthesia/*chemically induced ; Mice ; Nociceptors/drug effects ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Perception/*drug effects ; Receptors, Drug/physiology ; Substance P/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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