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  • 1
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    ter Steege, H., Pitman, N. C. A., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Peres, C. A., Guevara, J. E., Salomao, R. P., Castilho, C. V., Amaral, I. L., de Almeida Matos, F. D., de Souza Coelho, L., Magnusson, W. E., Phillips, O. L., de Andrade Lima Filho, D., de Jesus Veiga Carim, M., Irume, M. V., Martins, M. P., Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Wittmann, F., Lopez, D. C., da Silva Guimaraes, J. R., Mendoza, A. M., Vargas, P. N., Manzatto, A. G., Reis, N. F. C., Terborgh, J., Casula, K. R., Montero, J. C., Feldpausch, T. R., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Montoya, A. J. D., Zartman, C. E., Mostacedo, B., Vasquez, R., Assis, R. L., Medeiros, M. B., Simon, M. F., Andrade, A., Camargo, J. L., Laurance, S. G. W., Nascimento, H. E. M., Marimon, B. S., Marimon, B.-H., Costa, F., Targhetta, N., Vieira, I. C. G., Brienen, R., Castellanos, H., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Mogollon, H. F., Piedade, M. T. F., Aymard C., G. A., Comiskey, J. A., Damasco, G., Davila, N., Garcia-Villacorta, R., Diaz, P. R. S., Vincentini, A., Emilio, T., Levis, C., Schietti, J., Souza, P., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., Ferreira, L. V., Neill, D., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F. A., Souza, F. C., Amaral, D. D. d., Gribel, R., Luize, B. G., Pansonato, M. P., Venticinque, E., Fine, P., Toledo, M., Baraloto, C., Ceron, C., Engel, J., Henkel, T. W., Jimenez, E. M., Maas, P., Mora, M. C. P., Petronelli, P., Revilla, J. D. C., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Baker, T. R., Daly, D., Paredes, M. R., da Silva, N. F., Fuentes, A., Jorgensen, P. M., Schöngart, J., Silman, M. R., Arboleda, N. C., Cintra, B. B. L., Valverde, F. C., Di Fiore, A., Phillips, J. F., van Andel, T. R., von Hildebrand, P., Barbosa, E. M., de Matos Bonates, L. C., de Castro, D., de Sousa Farias, E., Gonzales, T., Guillaumet, J.-L., Hoffman, B., Malhi, Y., de Andrade Miranda, I. P., Prieto, A., Rudas, A., Ruschell, A. R., Silva, N., Vela, C. I. A., Vos, V. A., Zent, E. L., Zent, S., Cano, A., Nascimento, M. T., Oliveira, A. A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Ramos, J. F., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., Medina, M. N. U., van der Heijden, G., Torre, E. V., Vriesendorp, C., Wang, O., Young, K. R., Baider, C., Balslev, H., de Castro, N., Farfan-Rios, W., Ferreira, C., Mendoza, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Giraldo, L. E. U., Villarroel, D., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M. N., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Hernandez, L., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Cuenca, W. P., Pansini, S., Pauletto, D., Arevalo, F. R., Sampaio, A. F., Valderrama Sandoval, E. H., Gamarra, L. V.
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-11-22
    Description: Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s 〉40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-01-24
    Description: We report the first observation of exciplex state electroluminescence due to carrier injection between the hybrid lead halide perovskite (MAPbI 3–x Cl x ) and quantum dots (core/shell PbS/CdS). Single layers of perovskite (PS) and quantum dots (QDs) have been produced by solution processing methods, and their photoluminescent properties are compared to those of bilayer samples in both PS/QD and QD/PS configurations. Exciplex emission at lower energies than the band gap of both PS and QD has been detected. The exciplex emission wavelength of this mixed system can be simply tuned by controlling the QD size. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been fabricated using those configurations, which provide light emission with considerably low turn-on potential. The "color" of the LED can also be tuned by controlling the applied bias. The presence of the exciplex state PS and QDs opens up a broad range of possibilities with important implications not only in tunable LEDs but also in the preparation of intermediate band gap photovoltaic devices with the potentiality of surpassing the Shockley-Queisser limit.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: Heterogeneous oxygen isotope compositions of plagioclase from the Boehls Butte anorthosite include some of the most oxygen-18-depleted values (to -16 per mil) reported for plagioclase in meta-igneous rocks and indicate high-temperature (T 〉 500 degrees C) isotopic exchange between plagioclase and nearly pristine meteoric fluid. Retrograde reaction-enhanced permeability assisted influx of meteoric-hydrothermal fluids into the deep-seated anorthosite. Isotopic gradients of about 14 per mil over 600 micrometers in single crystals require short-lived (about 10(4) years) diffusional exchange of oxygen and locally large effective water:rock ratios, followed by rapid loss of water and cessation of oxygen diffusion in the anorthosite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mora -- Riciputi -- Cole -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA. Chemical and Analytical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6365, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial septicemia and meningitis. Sequence variation of surface-exposed proteins and cross-reactivity of the serogroup B capsular polysaccharide with human tissues have hampered efforts to develop a successful vaccine. To overcome these obstacles, the entire genome sequence of a virulent serogroup B strain (MC58) was used to identify vaccine candidates. A total of 350 candidate antigens were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and used to immunize mice. The sera allowed the identification of proteins that are surface exposed, that are conserved in sequence across a range of strains, and that induce a bactericidal antibody response, a property known to correlate with vaccine efficacy in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizza, M -- Scarlato, V -- Masignani, V -- Giuliani, M M -- Arico, B -- Comanducci, M -- Jennings, G T -- Baldi, L -- Bartolini, E -- Capecchi, B -- Galeotti, C L -- Luzzi, E -- Manetti, R -- Marchetti, E -- Mora, M -- Nuti, S -- Ratti, G -- Santini, L -- Savino, S -- Scarselli, M -- Storni, E -- Zuo, P -- Broeker, M -- Hundt, E -- Knapp, B -- Blair, E -- Mason, T -- Tettelin, H -- Hood, D W -- Jeffries, A C -- Saunders, N J -- Granoff, D M -- Venter, J C -- Moxon, E R -- Grandi, G -- Rappuoli, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1816-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IRIS, Chiron S.p.A., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/blood ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Antigens, Surface/chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Bacterial Capsules ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; *Bacterial Vaccines/genetics/immunology ; Conserved Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Mice ; Neisseria meningitidis/classification/*genetics/*immunology/pathogenicity ; Open Reading Frames ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/immunology/isolation & purification ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping ; Vaccination ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-22
    Description: Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are ubiquitous in strongly correlated materials. However, the microscopic complexity of these systems impedes the quantitative understanding of QPTs. We observed and thoroughly analyzed the rich strongly correlated physics in two profoundly dissimilar regimes of quantum criticality. With a circuit implementing a quantum simulator for the three-channel Kondo model, we reveal the universal scalings toward different low-temperature fixed points and along the multiple crossovers from quantum criticality. An unanticipated violation of the maximum conductance for ballistic free electrons is uncovered. The present charge pseudospin implementation of a Kondo impurity opens access to a broad variety of strongly correlated phenomena.
    Keywords: Physics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory during the past 3.7 years, we demonstrated a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 6 x 10(19) electron volts and the positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) lying within approximately 75 megaparsecs. We rejected the hypothesis of an isotropic distribution of these cosmic rays with at least a 99% confidence level from a prescribed a priori test. The correlation we observed is compatible with the hypothesis that the highest-energy particles originate from nearby extragalactic sources whose flux has not been substantially reduced by interaction with the cosmic background radiation. AGN or objects having a similar spatial distribution are possible sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pierre Auger Collaboration -- Abraham, J -- Abreu, P -- Aglietta, M -- Aguirre, C -- Allard, D -- Allekotte, I -- Allen, J -- Allison, P -- Alvarez, C -- Alvarez-Muniz, J -- Ambrosio, M -- Anchordoqui, L -- Andringa, S -- Anzalone, A -- Aramo, C -- Argiro, S -- Arisaka, K -- Armengaud, E -- Arneodo, F -- Arqueros, F -- Asch, T -- Asorey, H -- Assis, P -- Atulugama, B S -- Aublin, J -- Ave, M -- Avila, G -- Backer, T -- Badagnani, D -- Barbosa, A F -- Barnhill, D -- Barroso, S L C -- Bauleo, P -- Beatty, J -- Beau, T -- Becker, B R -- Becker, K H -- Bellido, J A -- Benzvi, S -- Berat, C -- Bergmann, T -- Bernardini, P -- Bertou, X -- Biermann, P L -- Billoir, P -- Blanch-Bigas, O -- Blanco, F -- Blasi, P -- Bleve, C -- Blumer, H -- Bohacova, M -- Bonifazi, C -- Bonino, R -- Boratav, M -- Brack, J -- Brogueira, P -- Brown, W C -- Buchholz, P -- Bueno, A -- Busca, N G -- Caballero-Mora, K S -- Cai, B -- Camin, D V -- Caruso, R -- Carvalho, W -- Castellina, A -- Catalano, O -- Cataldi, G -- Cazon-Boado, L -- Cester, R -- Chauvin, J -- Chiavassa, A -- Chinellato, J A -- Chou, A -- Chye, J -- Clark, P D J -- Clay, R W -- Colombo, E -- Conceicao, R -- Connolly, B -- Contreras, F -- Coppens, J -- Cordier, A -- Cotti, U -- Coutu, S -- Covault, C E -- Creusot, A -- Cronin, J -- Dagoret-Campagne, S -- Daumiller, K -- Dawson, B R -- de Almeida, R M -- De Donato, C -- de Jong, S J -- De La Vega, G -- de Mello Junior, W J M -- de Mello Neto, J R T -- De Mitri, I -- de Souza, V -- Del Peral, L -- Deligny, O -- Selva, A Della -- Fratte, C Delle -- Dembinski, H -- Di Giulio, C -- Diaz, J C -- Dobrigkeit, C -- D'Olivo, J C -- Dornic, D -- Dorofeev, A -- Dos Anjos, J C -- Dova, M T -- D'Urso, D -- Duvernois, M A -- Engel, R -- Epele, L -- Erdmann, M -- Escobar, C O -- Etchegoyen, A -- Facal San Luis, P -- Falcke, H -- Farrar, G -- Fauth, A C -- Fazzini, N -- Fernandez, A -- Ferrer, F -- Ferry, S -- Fick, B -- Filevich, A -- Filipcic, A -- Fleck, I -- Fonte, R -- Fracchiolla, C E -- Fulgione, W -- Garcia, B -- Garcia Gamez, D -- Garcia-Pinto, D -- Garrido, X -- Geenen, H -- Gelmini, G -- Gemmeke, H -- Ghia, P L -- Giller, M -- Glass, H -- Gold, M S -- Golup, G -- Albarracin, F Gomez -- Berisso, M Gomez -- Herrero, R Gomez -- Goncalves, P -- Goncalves do Amaral, M -- Gonzalez, D -- Gonzalez, J G -- Gonzalez, M -- Gora, D -- Gorgi, A -- Gouffon, P -- Grassi, V -- Grillo, A -- Grunfeld, C -- Guardincerri, Y -- Guarino, F -- Guedes, G P -- Gutierrez, J -- Hague, J D -- Hamilton, J C -- Hansen, P -- Harari, D -- Harmsma, S -- Harton, J L -- Haungs, A -- Hauschildt, T -- Healy, M D -- Hebbeker, T -- Heck, D -- Hojvat, C -- Holmes, V C -- Homola, P -- Horandel, J -- Horneffer, A -- Horvat, M -- Hrabovsky, M -- Huege, T -- Iarlori, M -- Insolia, A -- Ionita, F -- Italiano, A -- Kaducak, M -- Kampert, K H -- Keilhauer, B -- Kemp, E -- Kieckhafer, R M -- Klages, H O -- Kleifges, M -- Kleinfeller, J -- Knapik, R -- Knapp, J -- Koang, D-H -- Kopmann, A -- Krieger, A -- Kromer, O -- Kumpel, D -- Kunka, N -- Kusenko, A -- La Rosa, G -- Lachaud, C -- Lago, B L -- Lebrun, D -- Lebrun, P -- Lee, J -- Leigui de Oliveira, M A -- Letessier-Selvon, A -- Leuthold, M -- Lhenry-Yvon, I -- Lopez, R -- Lopez Aguera, A -- Lozano Bahilo, J -- Maccarone, M C -- Macolino, C -- Maldera, S -- Malek, M -- Mancarella, G -- Mancenido, M E -- Mandat, D -- Mantsch, P -- Mariazzi, A G -- Maris, I C -- Martello, D -- Martinez, J -- Martinez Bravo, O -- Mathes, H J -- Matthews, J -- Matthews, J A J -- Matthiae, G -- Maurizio, D -- Mazur, P O -- McCauley, T -- McEwen, M -- McNeil, R R -- Medina, M C -- Medina-Tanco, G -- Meli, A -- Melo, D -- Menichetti, E -- Menschikov, A -- Meurer, Chr -- Meyhandan, R -- Micheletti, M I -- Miele, G -- Miller, W -- Mollerach, S -- Monasor, M -- Monnier Ragaigne, D -- Montanet, F -- Morales, B -- Morello, C -- Moreno, E -- Moreno, J C -- Morris, C -- Mostafa, M -- Muller, M A -- Mussa, R -- Navarra, G -- Navarro, J L -- Navas, S -- Nellen, L -- Newman-Holmes, C -- Newton, D -- Thi, T Nguyen -- Nierstenhofer, N -- Nitz, D -- Nosek, D -- Nozka, L -- Oehlschlager, J -- Ohnuki, T -- Olinto, A -- Olmos-Gilbaja, V M -- Ortiz, M -- Ostapchenko, S -- Otero, L -- Pakk Selmi-Dei, D -- Palatka, M -- Pallotta, J -- Parente, G -- Parizot, E -- Parlati, S -- Pastor, S -- Patel, M -- Paul, T -- Pavlidou, V -- Payet, K -- Pech, M -- Pekala, J -- Pelayo, R -- Pepe, I M -- Perrone, L -- Petrera, S -- Petrinca, P -- Petrov, Y -- Ngoc, Dieppham -- Ngoc, Dongpham -- Pham Thi, T N -- Pichel, A -- Piegaia, R -- Pierog, T -- Pimenta, M -- Pinto, T -- Pirronello, V -- Pisanti, O -- Platino, M -- Pochon, J -- Porter, T A -- Privitera, P -- Prouza, M -- Quel, E J -- Rautenberg, J -- Reucroft, S -- Revenu, B -- Rezende, F A S -- Ridky, J -- Riggi, S -- Risse, M -- Riviere, C -- Rizi, V -- Roberts, M -- Robledo, C -- Rodriguez, G -- Rodriguez Frias, D -- Rodriguez Martino, J -- Rodriguez Rojo, J -- Rodriguez-Cabo, I -- Ros, G -- Rosado, J -- Roth, M -- Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B -- Roulet, E -- Rovero, A C -- Salamida, F -- Salazar, H -- Salina, G -- Sanchez, F -- Santander, M -- Santo, C E -- Santos, E M -- Sarazin, F -- Sarkar, S -- Sato, R -- Scherini, V -- Schieler, H -- Schmidt, F -- Schmidt, T -- Scholten, O -- Schovanek, P -- Schussler, F -- Sciutto, S J -- Scuderi, M -- Segreto, A -- Semikoz, D -- Settimo, M -- Shellard, R C -- Sidelnik, I -- Siffert, B B -- Sigl, G -- De Grande, N Smetniansky -- Smialkowski, A -- Smida, R -- Smith, A G K -- Smith, B E -- Snow, G R -- Sokolsky, P -- Sommers, P -- Sorokin, J -- Spinka, H -- Squartini, R -- Strazzeri, E -- Stutz, A -- Suarez, F -- Suomijarvi, T -- Supanitsky, A D -- Sutherland, M S -- Swain, J -- Szadkowski, Z -- Takahashi, J -- Tamashiro, A -- Tamburro, A -- Tascau, O -- Tcaciuc, R -- Thomas, D -- Ticona, R -- Tiffenberg, J -- Timmermans, C -- Tkaczyk, W -- Todero Peixoto, C J -- Tome, B -- Tonachini, A -- Torresi, D -- Travnicek, P -- Tripathi, A -- Tristram, G -- Tscherniakhovski, D -- Tueros, M -- Tunnicliffe, V -- Ulrich, R -- Unger, M -- Urban, M -- Valdes Galicia, J F -- Valino, I -- Valore, L -- van den Berg, A M -- van Elewyck, V -- Vazquez, R A -- Veberic, D -- Veiga, A -- Velarde, A -- Venters, T -- Verzi, V -- Videla, M -- Villasenor, L -- Vorobiov, S -- Voyvodic, L -- Wahlberg, H -- Wainberg, O -- Waldenmaier, T -- Walker, P -- Warner, D -- Watson, A A -- Westerhoff, S -- Wieczorek, G -- Wiencke, L -- Wilczynska, B -- Wilczynski, H -- Wileman, C -- Winnick, M G -- Wu, H -- Wundheiler, B -- Xu, J -- Yamamoto, T -- Younk, P -- Zas, E -- Zavrtanik, D -- Zavrtanik, M -- Zech, A -- Zepeda, A -- Ziolkowski, M -- Kegl, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):938-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: A high-fat diet causes activation of the regulatory protein c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and triggers development of insulin resistance. JNK1 is therefore a potential target for therapeutic treatment of metabolic syndrome. We explored the mechanism of JNK1 signaling by engineering mice in which the Jnk1 gene was ablated selectively in adipose tissue. JNK1 deficiency in adipose tissue suppressed high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in the liver. JNK1-dependent secretion of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 by adipose tissue caused increased expression of liver SOCS3, a protein that induces hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, JNK1 activation in adipose tissue can cause insulin resistance in the liver.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2643026/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2643026/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabio, Guadalupe -- Das, Madhumita -- Mora, Alfonso -- Zhang, Zhiyou -- Jun, John Y -- Ko, Hwi Jin -- Barrett, Tamera -- Kim, Jason K -- Davis, Roger J -- DK52530/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA065861-14/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080756/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1160794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/enzymology/metabolism ; Animals ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Enzyme Activation ; Glucose/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism ; *Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Stress, Physiological ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schipper, Jan -- Chanson, Janice S -- Chiozza, Federica -- Cox, Neil A -- Hoffmann, Michael -- Katariya, Vineet -- Lamoreux, John -- Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Stuart, Simon N -- Temple, Helen J -- Baillie, Jonathan -- Boitani, Luigi -- Lacher, Thomas E Jr -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Smith, Andrew T -- Absolon, Daniel -- Aguiar, John M -- Amori, Giovanni -- Bakkour, Noura -- Baldi, Ricardo -- Berridge, Richard J -- Bielby, Jon -- Black, Patricia Ann -- Blanc, J Julian -- Brooks, Thomas M -- Burton, James A -- Butynski, Thomas M -- Catullo, Gianluca -- Chapman, Roselle -- Cokeliss, Zoe -- Collen, Ben -- Conroy, Jim -- Cooke, Justin G -- da Fonseca, Gustavo A B -- Derocher, Andrew E -- Dublin, Holly T -- Duckworth, J W -- Emmons, Louise -- Emslie, Richard H -- Festa-Bianchet, Marco -- Foster, Matt -- Foster, Sabrina -- Garshelis, David L -- Gates, Cormack -- Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano -- Gonzalez, Susana -- Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando -- Good, Tatjana C -- Hammerson, Geoffrey -- Hammond, Philip S -- Happold, David -- Happold, Meredith -- Hare, John -- Harris, Richard B -- Hawkins, Clare E -- Haywood, Mandy -- Heaney, Lawrence R -- Hedges, Simon -- Helgen, Kristofer M -- Hilton-Taylor, Craig -- Hussain, Syed Ainul -- Ishii, Nobuo -- Jefferson, Thomas A -- Jenkins, Richard K B -- Johnston, Charlotte H -- Keith, Mark -- Kingdon, Jonathan -- Knox, David H -- Kovacs, Kit M -- Langhammer, Penny -- Leus, Kristin -- Lewison, Rebecca -- Lichtenstein, Gabriela -- Lowry, Lloyd F -- Macavoy, Zoe -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mallon, David P -- Masi, Monica -- McKnight, Meghan W -- Medellin, Rodrigo A -- Medici, Patricia -- Mills, Gus -- Moehlman, Patricia D -- Molur, Sanjay -- Mora, Arturo -- Nowell, Kristin -- Oates, John F -- Olech, Wanda -- Oliver, William R L -- Oprea, Monik -- Patterson, Bruce D -- Perrin, William F -- Polidoro, Beth A -- Pollock, Caroline -- Powel, Abigail -- Protas, Yelizaveta -- Racey, Paul -- Ragle, Jim -- Ramani, Pavithra -- Rathbun, Galen -- Reeves, Randall R -- Reilly, Stephen B -- Reynolds, John E 3rd -- Rondinini, Carlo -- Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace -- Rulli, Monica -- Rylands, Anthony B -- Savini, Simona -- Schank, Cody J -- Sechrest, Wes -- Self-Sullivan, Caryn -- Shoemaker, Alan -- Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio -- De Silva, Naamal -- Smith, David E -- Srinivasulu, Chelmala -- Stephenson, Peter J -- van Strien, Nico -- Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar -- Taylor, Barbara L -- Timmins, Rob -- Tirira, Diego G -- Tognelli, Marcelo F -- Tsytsulina, Katerina -- Veiga, Liza M -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Williamson, Elizabeth A -- Wyatt, Sarah A -- Xie, Yan -- Young, Bruce E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):225-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1165115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Programme, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland. jan.schipper@iucn.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Marine Biology ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: During spindle assembly, chromosomes generate gradients of microtubule stabilization through a reaction-diffusion process, but how this is achieved is not well understood. We measured the spatial distribution of microtubule aster asymmetry around chromosomes by incubating centrosomes and micropatterned chromatin patches in frog egg extracts. We then screened for microtubule stabilization gradient shapes that would generate such spatial distributions with the use of computer simulations. Only a long-range, sharply decaying microtubule stabilization gradient could generate aster asymmetries fitting the experimental data. We propose a reaction-diffusion model that combines the chromosome generated Ran-guanosine triphosphate-Importin reaction network to a secondary phosphorylation network as a potential mechanism for the generation of such gradients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Athale, Chaitanya A -- Dinarina, Ana -- Mora-Coral, Maria -- Pugieux, Celine -- Nedelec, Francois -- Karsenti, Eric -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1243-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1161820. Epub 2008 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology ; Centrosome/physiology ; Chromatin/physiology ; Chromosomes, Human/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/physiology ; Microtubules/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Ovum/cytology ; Phosphoproteins/physiology ; Spindle Apparatus/*physiology ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins/physiology ; ran GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this "Andean" substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoorn, C -- Wesselingh, F P -- ter Steege, H -- Bermudez, M A -- Mora, A -- Sevink, J -- Sanmartin, I -- Sanchez-Meseguer, A -- Anderson, C L -- Figueiredo, J P -- Jaramillo, C -- Riff, D -- Negri, F R -- Hooghiemstra, H -- Lundberg, J -- Stadler, T -- Sarkinen, T -- Antonelli, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):927-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1194585.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. carina.hoorn@milne.cc〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geography ; *Geological Phenomena ; Phylogeny ; Rivers ; South America ; Time ; Trees ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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