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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 1
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    Blue-fluorescent antibodies (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: The forte of catalytic antibodies has resided in the control of the ground-state reaction coordinate. A principle and method are now described in which antibodies can direct the outcome of photophysical and photochemical events that take place on excited-state potential energy surfaces. The key component is a chemically reactive optical sensor that provides a direct report of the dynamic interplay between protein and ligand at the active site. To illustrate the concept, we used a trans-stilbene hapten to elicit a panel of monoclonal antibodies that displayed a range of fluorescent spectral behavior when bound to a trans-stilbene substrate. Several antibodies yielded a blue fluorescence indicative of an excited-state complex or "exciplex" between trans-stilbene and the antibody. The antibodies controlled the isomerization coordinate of trans-stilbene and dynamically coupled this manifold with an active-site residue. A step was taken toward the use of antibody-based photochemical sensors for diagnostic and clinical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simeonov, A -- Matsushita, M -- Juban, E A -- Thompson, E H -- Hoffman, T Z -- Beuscher, A E 4th -- Taylor, M J -- Wirsching, P -- Rettig, W -- McCusker, J K -- Stevens, R C -- Millar, D P -- Schultz, P G -- Lerner, R A -- Janda, K D -- AI39089/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):307-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Fluorescence ; Haptens ; Ligands ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Photochemistry ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Stereoisomerism ; Stilbenes/*chemistry/*immunology ; Temperature ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    X-ray Detection of the Period-Four Cycling of the Manganese Cluster in Photosynthetic Water Oxidizing Enzyme (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-11-20
    Description: X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra of the manganese (Mn) cluster in physiologically native intermediate states of photosynthetic water oxidation induced by short laser flash were measured with a compact heat-insulated chamber equipped with an x-ray detector near the sample surface. The half-height energy of the Mn Kedge showed a period-four oscillation dependent on cycling of the Joliot-Kok's oxygen clock. The flash number-dependent shift in the Mn K-edge suggests that the Mn cluster is oxidized by one electron upon the S(0)-to-S(1), S(1)-to-S(2), and S(2)-to-S(3) transitions and then reduced upon the S(3)-to-S(0) transition that releases molecular oxygen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ono, T A -- Noguchi, T -- Inoue, Y -- Kusunoki, M -- Matsushita, T -- Oyanagi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 20;258(5086):1335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Disrupting metabolism to treat autoimmunity (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-27
    Keywords: Immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Batf3 deficiency reveals a critical role for CD8alpha+ dendritic cells in cytotoxic T cell immunity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: Although in vitro observations suggest that cross-presentation of antigens is mediated primarily by CD8alpha+ dendritic cells, in vivo analysis has been hampered by the lack of systems that selectively eliminate this cell lineage. We show that deletion of the transcription factor Batf3 ablated development of CD8alpha+ dendritic cells, allowing us to examine their role in immunity in vivo. Dendritic cells from Batf3-/- mice were defective in cross-presentation, and Batf3-/- mice lacked virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses to West Nile virus. Importantly, rejection of highly immunogenic syngeneic tumors was impaired in Batf3-/- mice. These results suggest an important role for CD8alpha+ dendritic cells and cross-presentation in responses to viruses and in tumor rejection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756611/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756611/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hildner, Kai -- Edelson, Brian T -- Purtha, Whitney E -- Diamond, Mark -- Matsushita, Hirokazu -- Kohyama, Masako -- Calderon, Boris -- Schraml, Barbara U -- Unanue, Emil R -- Diamond, Michael S -- Schreiber, Robert D -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1097-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1164206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antigens, CD8/*analysis ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*physiology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Cross-Priming ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology/transplantation ; Female ; Fibrosarcoma/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; West Nile Fever/immunology ; West Nile virus/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Chloroplasts divide by contraction of a bundle of nanofilaments consisting of polyglucan (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: In chloroplast division, the plastid-dividing (PD) ring is a main structure of the PD machinery and is a universal structure in the plant kingdom. However, the components and formation of the PD ring have been enigmatic. By proteomic analysis of PD machineries isolated from Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we identified the glycosyltransferase protein plastid-dividing ring 1 (PDR1), which constructs the PD ring and is widely conserved from red alga to land plants. Electron microscopy showed that the PDR1 protein forms a ring with carbohydrates at the chloroplast-division site. Fluorometric saccharide ingredient analysis of purified PD ring filaments showed that only glucose was included, and down-regulation of PDR1 impaired chloroplast division. Thus, the chloroplasts are divided by the PD ring, which is a bundle of PDR1-mediated polyglucan filaments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshida, Yamato -- Kuroiwa, Haruko -- Misumi, Osami -- Yoshida, Masaki -- Ohnuma, Mio -- Fujiwara, Takayuki -- Yagisawa, Fumi -- Hirooka, Shunsuke -- Imoto, Yuuta -- Matsushita, Kazunobu -- Kawano, Shigeyuki -- Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 20;329(5994):949-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1190791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Life Science, College of Science, Research Information Center for Extremophile, Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algal Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Chloroplasts/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/*physiology ; Down-Regulation ; Glucans/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Glycosyltransferases/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Proteomics ; Rhodophyta/genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Multiple-wavelength neutron holography with pulsed neutrons (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: Local structures around impurities in solids provide important information for understanding the mechanisms of material functions, because most of them are controlled by dopants. For this purpose, the x-ray absorption fine structure method, which provides radial distribution functions around specific elements, is most widely used. However, a similar method using neutron techniques has not yet been developed. If one can establish a method of local structural analysis with neutrons, then a new frontier of materials science can be explored owing to the specific nature of neutron scattering—that is, its high sensitivity to light elements and magnetic moments. Multiple-wavelength neutron holography using the time-of-flight technique with pulsed neutrons has great potential to realize this. We demonstrated multiple-wavelength neutron holography using a Eu-doped CaF 2 single crystal and obtained a clear three-dimensional atomic image around trivalent Eu substituted for divalent Ca, revealing an interesting feature of the local structure that allows it to maintain charge neutrality. The new holography technique is expected to provide new information on local structures using the neutron technique.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
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    Suramin protection of T cells in vitro against infectivity and cytopathic effect of HTLV-III (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-12
    Description: A recently discovered member of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) family of retroviruses has been etiologically linked to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus, which has been designated HTLV-III, is tropic for OKT4-bearing (helper-inducer) T cells. Moreover, the virus is cytopathic for these cells. Suramin is a drug used in the therapy of Rhodesian trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis, and it is known to inhibit the reverse transcriptase of a number of retroviruses. Suramin has now been found to block in vitro the infectivity and cytopathic effect of HTLV-III at doses that are clinically attainable in human beings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitsuya, H -- Popovic, M -- Yarchoan, R -- Matsushita, S -- Gallo, R C -- Broder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):172-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6091268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Clone Cells ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects ; Deltaretrovirus/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Suramin/*pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*microbiology/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*microbiology/physiology ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    BAFF inhibition attenuates fibrosis in scleroderma by modulating the regulatory and effector B cell balance (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-12
    Description: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by skin and lung fibrosis. More than 90% of patients with SSc are positive for autoantibodies. In addition, serum B cell activating factor (BAFF) level is correlated with SSc severity and activity. Thus, B cells are considered to play a pathogenic role in SSc. However, there are two opposing subsets: regulatory B cells (Bregs) and effector B cells (Beffs). Interleukin-10 (IL-10)–producing Bregs negatively regulate the immune response, while IL-6–producing Beffs positively regulate it. Therefore, a protocol that selectively depletes Beffs would represent a potent therapy for SSc. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of Bregs and Beffs in SSc and to provide a scientific basis for developing a new treatment strategy targeting B cells. A bleomycin-induced scleroderma model was induced in mice with a B cell–specific deficiency in IL-6 or IL-10. We also examined whether BAFF regulates cytokine-producing B cells and its effects on the scleroderma model. IL-6–producing Beffs increased in number and infiltrated the inflamed skin in the scleroderma model. The skin and lung fibrosis was attenuated in B cell–specific IL-6–deficient mice, whereas B cell–specific IL-10–deficient mice showed more severe fibrosis. In addition, BAFF increased Beffs but suppressed Bregs. Furthermore, BAFF antagonist attenuated skin and lung fibrosis in the scleroderma model with reduction of Beffs but not of Bregs. The current study indicates that Beffs play a pathogenic role in the scleroderma model, while Bregs play a protective role. BAFF inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for SSc via alteration of B cell balance.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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