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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-09-21
    Description: The adenylate cyclase system is composed of an activating hormone or neurotransmitter (H), its receptor (R), the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein (Gs), and the catalytic unit (C). The activation of the receptor R involves a transient change in conformation, from a loose binding of the neurotransmitter H to an extremely tight interaction, termed locking. The system is regulated in the activation steps and also by three deactivation processes. A guanosine triphosphatase activity is built into the Gs protein so that the active GsGTP has only a limited lifetime during which it is able to activate C. In addition, the continued occupation of R by H causes desensitization of R. Finally, there are inhibitory receptors, such as alpha-adrenergic and opiate receptors, which inhibit the adenylate cyclase by way of a specific GTP binding protein (Gi). Yet to be determined are the conformational transformations of pure R on binding of an agonist or a partial agonist; the genes that code for the many different receptors that activate the adenylate cyclase, and the possibility that the G components interact with systems in the cell other than the adenylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schramm, M -- Selinger, Z -- AM10451/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 21;225(4668):1350-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6147897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The polymerase of negative-stranded RNA viruses consists of the large protein (L) and the phosphoprotein (P), the latter serving both as a chaperon and a cofactor for L. We mapped within measles virus (MeV) P the regions responsible for binding and stabilizing L and showed that the coiled-coil multimerization domain (MD) of P is required for gene expression. MeV MD is kinked as a result of the presence of a stammer. Both restoration of the heptad regularity and displacement of the stammer strongly decrease or abrogate activity in a minigenome assay. By contrast, P activity is rather tolerant of substitutions within the stammer. Single substitutions at the "a" or "d" hydrophobic anchor positions with residues of variable hydrophobicity revealed that P functionality requires a narrow range of cohesiveness of its MD. Results collectively indicate that, beyond merely ensuring P oligomerization, the MD finely tunes viral gene expression through its cohesiveness.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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