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  • 1
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    Giant nonreciprocal emission of spin waves in Ta/Py bilayers (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-03
    Description: Spin waves are propagating disturbances in the magnetization of magnetic materials. One of their interesting properties is nonreciprocity, exhibiting that their amplitude depends on the magnetization direction. Nonreciprocity in spin waves is of great interest in both fundamental science and applications because it offers an extra knob to control the flow of waves for the technological fields of logics and switch applications. We show a high nonreciprocity in spin waves from Ta/Py bilayer systems with out-of-plane magnetic fields. The nonreciprocity depends on the thickness of Ta underlayer, which is found to induce an interfacial anisotropy. The origin of observed high nonreciprocity is twofold: different polarities of the in-plane magnetization due to different angles of canted out-of-plane anisotropy and the spin pumping effect at the Ta/Py interface. Our findings provide an opportunity to engineer highly efficient, nonreciprocal spin wave–based applications, such as nonreciprocal microwave devices, magnonic logic gates, and information transports.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A method for single-neuron chronic recording from the retina in awake mice (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-29
    Description: The retina, which processes visual information and sends it to the brain, is an excellent model for studying neural circuitry. It has been probed extensively ex vivo but has been refractory to chronic in vivo electrophysiology. We report a nonsurgical method to achieve chronically stable in vivo recordings from single retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in awake mice. We developed a noncoaxial intravitreal injection scheme in which injected mesh electronics unrolls inside the eye and conformally coats the highly curved retina without compromising normal eye functions. The method allows 16-channel recordings from multiple types of RGCs with stable responses to visual stimuli for at least 2 weeks, and reveals circadian rhythms in RGC responses over multiple day/night cycles.
    Keywords: Neuroscience, Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Anomalous spin-orbit torque switching due to field-like torque-assisted domain wall reflection (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-22
    Description: Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) allow the electrical control of magnetic states. Current-induced SOT switching of the perpendicular magnetization is of particular technological importance. The SOT consists of damping-like and field-like torques, and understanding the combined effects of these two torque components is required for efficient SOT switching. Previous quasi-static measurements have reported an increased switching probability with the width of current pulses, as predicted considering the damping-like torque alone. We report a decreased switching probability at longer pulse widths, based on time-resolved measurements. Micromagnetic analysis reveals that this anomalous SOT switching results from domain wall reflections at sample edges. The domain wall reflection was found to strongly depend on the field-like torque and its relative sign to the damping-like torque. Our result demonstrates a key role of the field-like torque in deterministic SOT switching and the importance of the sign correlation of the two torque components, which may shed light on the SOT switching mechanism.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    CRISPR-Cas9-mediated therapeutic editing of Rpe65 ameliorates the disease phenotypes in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), one of the leading causes of childhood-onset blindness, is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in several genes including 〈i〉RPE65〈/i〉. In this study, we performed CRISPR-Cas9–mediated therapeutic correction of a disease-associated nonsense mutation in 〈i〉Rpe65〈/i〉 in 〈i〉rd12〈/i〉 mice, a model of human LCA. Subretinal injection of adeno-associated virus carrying CRISPR-Cas9 and donor DNA resulted in 〉1% homology-directed repair and ~1.6% deletion of the pathogenic stop codon in 〈i〉Rpe65〈/i〉 in retinal pigment epithelial tissues of 〈i〉rd12〈/i〉 mice. The a- and b-waves of electroretinograms were recovered to levels up to 21.2 ± 4.1% and 39.8 ± 3.2% of their wild-type mice counterparts upon bright stimuli after dark adaptation 7 months after injection. There was no definite evidence of histologic perturbation or tumorigenesis during 7 months of observation. Collectively, we present the first therapeutic correction of an 〈i〉Rpe65〈/i〉 nonsense mutation using CRISPR-Cas9, providing new insight for developing therapeutics for LCA.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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