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  • 1
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    Extinction-reconsolidation boundaries: key to persistent attenuation of fear memories (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Dysregulation of the fear system is at the core of many psychiatric disorders. Much progress has been made in uncovering the neural basis of fear learning through studies in which associative emotional memories are formed by pairing an initially neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS; e.g., a tone) to an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a shock). Despite recent advances, the question of how to persistently weaken aversive CS-US associations, or dampen traumatic memories in pathological cases, remains a major dilemma. Two paradigms (blockade of reconsolidation and extinction) have been used in the laboratory to reduce acquired fear. Unfortunately, their clinical efficacy is limited: Reconsolidation blockade typically requires potentially toxic drugs, and extinction is not permanent. Here, we describe a behavioral design in which a fear memory in rats is destabilized and reinterpreted as safe by presenting an isolated retrieval trial before an extinction session. This procedure permanently attenuates the fear memory without the use of drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monfils, Marie-H -- Cowansage, Kiriana K -- Klann, Eric -- LeDoux, Joseph E -- F31 MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH083472-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K05 MH067048/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS034007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS047384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH058911/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046516/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH038774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):951-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167975. Epub 2009 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. monfils@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; *Fear ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Postsynaptic receptor trafficking underlying a form of associative learning (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: To elucidate molecular, cellular, and circuit changes that occur in the brain during learning, we investigated the role of a glutamate receptor subtype in fear conditioning. In this form of learning, animals associate two stimuli, such as a tone and a shock. Here we report that fear conditioning drives AMPA-type glutamate receptors into the synapse of a large fraction of postsynaptic neurons in the lateral amygdala, a brain structure essential for this learning process. Furthermore, memory was reduced if AMPA receptor synaptic incorporation was blocked in as few as 10 to 20% of lateral amygdala neurons. Thus, the encoding of memories in the lateral amygdala is mediated by AMPA receptor trafficking, is widely distributed, and displays little redundancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rumpel, Simon -- LeDoux, Joseph -- Zador, Anthony -- Malinow, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):83-8. Epub 2005 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Animals ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Electrophysiology ; Fear ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Stilbazolium-MPS3 Nanocomposites with Large Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity and Permanent Magnetization (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-04
    Description: Intercalated layered materials comprising an organic dye and inorganic MPS(3) [where M is either the manganese ion (Mn(2+)) or the cadmium ion (Cd(2+))] phases have been prepared. The intercalation process induces a spontaneous poling, giving rise to an efficiency of 750 times that of urea in second-harmonic generation for the cadmium derivative. In addition, the manganese derivative displays a permanent magnetization below 40 kelvin. Thus, these materials exhibit both a large optical nonlinearity and magnetic ordering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lacroix, P G -- Clement, R -- Nakatani, K -- Zyss, J -- Ledoux, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):658-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17747659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Saturation of cubic optical nonlinearity in long-chain polyene oligomers (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: The scaling of the cubic nonlinearity gamma with chain length in polyenic molecules has received considerable theoretical attention. Earlier experimental investigations have been restricted to oligomers with fewer than 20 double bonds because of problems associated with the synthesis and solubility of conjugated molecules. These synthetic difficulties have been overcome in the present study by the use of modern living polymerization techniques. Solution measurements of gamma as a function of chain length in long-chain (up to 240 double bonds) model polyene oligomers are reported. A saturation of the increase of gamma with chain length is observed, and the onset of this saturation occurs for chain lengths considerably longer than predicted from theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuel, I D -- Ledoux, I -- Dhenaut, C -- Zyss, J -- Fox, H H -- Schrock, R R -- Silbey, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1070-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17832897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Elementary Ca2+ signals through endothelial TRPV4 channels regulate vascular function (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Major features of the transcellular signaling mechanism responsible for endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone are unresolved. We identified local calcium (Ca(2+)) signals ("sparklets") in the vascular endothelium of resistance arteries that represent Ca(2+) influx through single TRPV4 cation channels. Gating of individual TRPV4 channels within a four-channel cluster was cooperative, with activation of as few as three channels per cell causing maximal dilation through activation of endothelial cell intermediate (IK)- and small (SK)-conductance, Ca(2+)-sensitive potassium (K(+)) channels. Endothelial-dependent muscarinic receptor signaling also acted largely through TRPV4 sparklet-mediated stimulation of IK and SK channels to promote vasodilation. These results support the concept that Ca(2+) influx through single TRPV4 channels is leveraged by the amplifier effect of cooperative channel gating and the high Ca(2+) sensitivity of IK and SK channels to cause vasodilation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sonkusare, Swapnil K -- Bonev, Adrian D -- Ledoux, Jonathan -- Liedtke, Wolfgang -- Kotlikoff, Michael I -- Heppner, Thomas J -- Hill-Eubanks, David C -- Nelson, Mark T -- 1P01HL095488/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 2-P20-RR-016435-06/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM086736/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL044455/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL095488/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL098243/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL098243/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK053832/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37DK053832/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):597-601. doi: 10.1126/science.1216283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism/physiology ; Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; TRPV Cation Channels/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; *Vasodilation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Local cerebral blood flow increases during auditory and emotional processing in the conscious rat (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Local cerebral blood flow was measured in rats by the 14C-labeled iodoantipyrine technique with quantitative autoradiography during the processing of environmental stimuli. Presentation of a tone increased blood flow in the auditory but not the visual pathway. When the animal had previously been conditioned to fear the tone, blood flow additionally increased in the hypothalamus and amygdala. Local cerebral blood flow can thus be used to detect patterns of cerebral excitation associated with transient (30- to 40-second) mental events in experimental animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LeDoux, J E -- Thompson, M E -- Iadecola, C -- Tucker, L W -- Reis, D J -- HL 18974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):576-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Amygdala/blood supply ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Brain/*blood supply/physiology ; Consciousness/physiology ; Emotions/*physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Hypothalamus/blood supply ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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