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  • 1
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    Intracellular anions as the voltage sensor of prestin, the outer hair cell motor protein (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: Outer hair cells (OHCs) of the mammalian cochlea actively change their cell length in response to changes in membrane potential. This electromotility, thought to be the basis of cochlear amplification, is mediated by a voltage-sensitive motor molecule recently identified as the membrane protein prestin. Here, we show that voltage sensitivity is conferred to prestin by the intracellular anions chloride and bicarbonate. Removal of these anions abolished fast voltage-dependent motility, as well as the characteristic nonlinear charge movement ("gating currents") driving the underlying structural rearrangements of the protein. The results support a model in which anions act as extrinsic voltage sensors, which bind to the prestin molecule and thus trigger the conformational changes required for motility of OHCs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, D -- He, D Z -- Klocker, N -- Ludwig, J -- Schulte, U -- Waldegger, S -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Dallos, P -- Fakler, B -- DC00089/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2340-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology II, University of Tubingen, 72074 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Anion Transport Proteins ; Anions/pharmacology ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cations/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophysiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Opening the window to the Southern Ocean: The role of jet dynamics (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The surface waters of the Southern Ocean act as a control valve through which climatically important tracers such as heat, freshwater, and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 are transferred between the atmosphere and the ocean. The process that transports these tracers through the surface mixed layer into the ocean interior is known as ocean ventilation. Changes in ocean ventilation are thought to be important for both rapid transitions of the ocean’s global overturning circulation during the last deglaciation and the uptake and storage of excess heat and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. I show how the interaction between Southern Ocean jets, topographic features, and ocean stratification can lead to rapid changes in Southern Ocean ventilation as a function of wind stress. For increasing winds, this interaction leads from a state in which tracers are confined to the surface mixed layer to a state in which tracers fill the ocean interior. For sufficiently high winds, the jet dynamics abruptly change, allowing the tracer to ventilate a water mass known as Antarctic Intermediate Water in the mid-depth Southern Ocean. Abrupt changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water ventilation have played a major role in rapid climate transitions in Earth’s past, and combined with the results presented here, this would suggest that jet dynamics could play a prominent role in contributing to, or even triggering, rapid transitions of the global climate system.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Functional proteomics identify cornichon proteins as auxiliary subunits of AMPA receptors (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Glutamate receptors of the AMPA-subtype (AMPARs), together with the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs), mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian brain. Here, we show by proteomic analysis that the majority of AMPARs in the rat brain are coassembled with two members of the cornichon family of transmembrane proteins, rather than with the TARPs. Coassembly with cornichon homologs 2 and 3 affects AMPARs in two ways: Cornichons increase surface expression of AMPARs, and they alter channel gating by markedly slowing deactivation and desensitization kinetics. These results demonstrate that cornichons are intrinsic auxiliary subunits of native AMPARs and provide previously unknown molecular determinants for glutamatergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwenk, Jochen -- Harmel, Nadine -- Zolles, Gerd -- Bildl, Wolfgang -- Kulik, Akos -- Heimrich, Bernd -- Chisaka, Osamu -- Jonas, Peter -- Schulte, Uwe -- Fakler, Bernd -- Klocker, Nikolaj -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1313-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1167852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Opening the window to the Southern Ocean: The role of jet dynamics (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-04
    Description: The surface waters of the Southern Ocean act as a control valve through which climatically important tracers such as heat, freshwater, and CO 2 are transferred between the atmosphere and the ocean. The process that transports these tracers through the surface mixed layer into the ocean interior is known as ocean ventilation. Changes in ocean ventilation are thought to be important for both rapid transitions of the ocean’s global overturning circulation during the last deglaciation and the uptake and storage of excess heat and CO 2 as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change. I show how the interaction between Southern Ocean jets, topographic features, and ocean stratification can lead to rapid changes in Southern Ocean ventilation as a function of wind stress. For increasing winds, this interaction leads from a state in which tracers are confined to the surface mixed layer to a state in which tracers fill the ocean interior. For sufficiently high winds, the jet dynamics abruptly change, allowing the tracer to ventilate a water mass known as Antarctic Intermediate Water in the mid-depth Southern Ocean. Abrupt changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water ventilation have played a major role in rapid climate transitions in Earth’s past, and combined with the results presented here, this would suggest that jet dynamics could play a prominent role in contributing to, or even triggering, rapid transitions of the global climate system.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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