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  • 1
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    A genomic-systems biology map for cardiovascular function (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: With the draft sequence of the human genome available, there is a need to better define gene function in the context of systems biology. We studied 239 cardiovascular and renal phenotypes in 113 male rats derived from an F2 intercross and mapped 81 of these traits onto the genome. Aggregates of traits were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, and 18. Systems biology was assessed by examining patterns of correlations ("physiological profiles") that can be used for gene hunting, mechanism-based physiological studies, and, with comparative genomics, translating these data to the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoll, M -- Cowley, A W Jr -- Tonellato, P J -- Greene, A S -- Kaldunski, M L -- Roman, R J -- Dumas, P -- Schork, N J -- Wang, Z -- Jacob, H J -- 1P50-HL-54998/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL064541/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1723-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Bioinformatics Research Center, and, Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects/genetics ; *Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena/drug effects ; Chromosome Mapping/*methods ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Genomics/*methods ; Humans ; Kidney/physiology ; Lod Score ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Rats ; Vasodilation/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Rescue of a Drosophila NF1 mutant phenotype by protein kinase A (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: The neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor suppressor protein is thought to restrict cell proliferation by functioning as a Ras-specific guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein. However, Drosophila homozygous for null mutations of an NF1 homolog showed no obvious signs of perturbed Ras1-mediated signaling. Loss of NF1 resulted in a reduction in size of larvae, pupae, and adults. This size defect was not modified by manipulating Ras1 signaling but was restored by expression of activated adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Thus, NF1 and PKA appear to interact in a pathway that controls the overall growth of Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉The, I -- Hannigan, G E -- Cowley, G S -- Reginald, S -- Zhong, Y -- Gusella, J F -- Hariharan, I K -- Bernards, A -- NS22229/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS34779/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS36084/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):791-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neurofibromin 1 ; Phenotype ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; *ras GTPase-Activating Proteins ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Animal rights (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowley, A W Jr -- Schafer, J A -- Navar, L G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 24;278(5338):557; author reply 560.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9381149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Rights ; Animals ; Periodicals as Topic ; Physiology ; *Research ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Saturns magnetic field revealed by the Cassini Grand Finale (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Description: During 2017, the Cassini fluxgate magnetometer made in situ measurements of Saturn’s magnetic field at distances ~2550 ± 1290 kilometers above the 1-bar surface during 22 highly inclined Grand Finale orbits. These observations refine the extreme axisymmetry of Saturn’s internal magnetic field and show displacement of the magnetic equator northward from the planet’s physical equator. Persistent small-scale magnetic structures, corresponding to high-degree (〉3) axisymmetric magnetic moments, were observed. This suggests secondary shallow dynamo action in the semiconducting region of Saturn’s interior. Some high-degree magnetic moments could arise from strong high-latitude concentrations of magnetic flux within the planet’s deep dynamo. A strong field-aligned current (FAC) system is located between Saturn and the inner edge of its D-ring, with strength comparable to the high-latitude auroral FACs.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Online Only, Planetary Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Energetic Charged-Particle Phenomena in the Jovian Magnetosphere: First Results from the Ulysses COSPIN Collaboration (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-11
    Description: The Ulysses spacecraft made the first exploration of the region of Jupiter's magnetosphere at high Jovigraphic latitudes ( approximately 37 degrees south) on the dusk side and reached higher magnetic latitudes ( approximately 49 degrees north) on the day side than any previous mission to Jupiter. The cosmic and solar particle investigations (COSPIN) instrumentation achieved a remarkably well integrated set of observations of energetic charged particles in the energy ranges of approximately 1 to 170 megaelectron volts for electrons and 0.3 to 20 megaelectron volts for protons and heavier nuclei. The new findings include (i) an apparent polar cap region in the northern hemisphere in which energetic charged particles following Jovian magnetic field lines may have direct access to the interplanetary medium, (ii) high-energy electron bursts (rise times 〈/= 1 minute and energies extending to 〉 approximately 17 megaelectron volts) on the dusk side that are apparently associated with field-aligned currents and radio burst emissions, (iii) persistence of the global 10-hour relativistic electron "clock" phenomenon throughout Jupiter's magnetosphere, (iv) on the basis of charged-particle measurements, apparent dragging of magnetic field lines at large radii in the dusk sector toward the tail, and (v) consistent outflow of megaelectron volt electrons and large-scale departures from corotation for nucleons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, J A -- Anglin, J D -- Balogh, A -- Burrows, J R -- Cowley, S W -- Ferrando, P -- Heber, B -- Hynds, R J -- Kunow, H -- Marsden, R G -- McKibben, R B -- Muller-Mellin, R -- Page, D E -- Raviart, A -- Sanderson, T R -- Staines, K -- Wenzel, K P -- Wilson, M D -- Zhang, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1543-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17776166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Reversible interactions with para-hydrogen enhance NMR sensitivity by polarization transfer (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: The sensitivity of both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging is very low because the detected signal strength depends on the small population difference between spin states even in high magnetic fields. Hyperpolarization methods can be used to increase this difference and thereby enhance signal strength. This has been achieved previously by incorporating the molecular spin singlet para-hydrogen into hydrogenation reaction products. We show here that a metal complex can facilitate the reversible interaction of para-hydrogen with a suitable organic substrate such that up to an 800-fold increase in proton, carbon, and nitrogen signal strengths are seen for the substrate without its hydrogenation. These polarized signals can be selectively detected when combined with methods that suppress background signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, Ralph W -- Aguilar, Juan A -- Atkinson, Kevin D -- Cowley, Michael J -- Elliott, Paul I P -- Duckett, Simon B -- Green, Gary G R -- Khazal, Iman G -- Lopez-Serrano, Joaquin -- Williamson, David C -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1708-11. doi: 10.1126/science.1168877.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/analysis ; Hydrogen/*chemistry ; Iridium/chemistry ; Ligands ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Niacinamide/chemistry ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Protons ; Pyridines/chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate is sufficient to promote leukemogenesis and its effects are reversible (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2, the genes coding for isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2, are common in several human cancers, including leukemias, and result in overproduction of the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate [(R)-2HG]. Elucidation of the role of IDH mutations and (R)-2HG in leukemogenesis has been hampered by a lack of appropriate cell-based models. Here, we show that a canonical IDH1 mutant, IDH1 R132H, promotes cytokine independence and blocks differentiation in hematopoietic cells. These effects can be recapitulated by (R)-2HG, but not (S)-2HG, despite the fact that (S)-2HG more potently inhibits enzymes, such as the 5'-methylcytosine hydroxylase TET2, that have previously been linked to the pathogenesis of IDH mutant tumors. We provide evidence that this paradox relates to the ability of (S)-2HG, but not (R)-2HG, to inhibit the EglN prolyl hydroxylases. Additionally, we show that transformation by (R)-2HG is reversible.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836459/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836459/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Losman, Julie-Aurore -- Looper, Ryan E -- Koivunen, Peppi -- Lee, Sungwoo -- Schneider, Rebekka K -- McMahon, Christine -- Cowley, Glenn S -- Root, David E -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Kaelin, William G Jr -- P30 DK049216/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA068490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1621-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1231677. Epub 2013 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23393090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics/*metabolism ; Glutarates/*metabolism ; *Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics/*metabolism ; Leukemia/*enzymology/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/*antagonists & inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 8
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    Cassini magnetometer observations during Saturn orbit insertion (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: Cassini's successful orbit insertion has provided the first examination of Saturn's magnetosphere in 23 years, revealing a dynamic plasma and magnetic environment on short and long time scales. There has been no noticeable change in the internal magnetic field, either in its strength or its near-alignment with the rotation axis. However, the external magnetic field is different compared with past spacecraft observations. The current sheet within the magnetosphere is thinner and more extended, and we observed small diamagnetic cavities and ion cyclotron waves of types that were not reported before.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dougherty, M K -- Achilleos, N -- Andre, N -- Arridge, C S -- Balogh, A -- Bertucci, C -- Burton, M E -- Cowley, S W H -- Erdos, G -- Giampieri, G -- Glassmeier, K-H -- Khurana, K K -- Leisner, J -- Neubauer, F M -- Russell, C T -- Smith, E J -- Southwood, D J -- Tsurutani, B T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1266-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK. m.dougherty@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Physics. Reduced turbulence and new opportunities for fusion (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krushelnick, Karl -- Cowley, Steve -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1502-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. kmkr@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Activation of central melanocortin pathways by fenfluramine (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-27
    Description: D-fenfluramine (d-FEN) was once widely prescribed and was among the most effective weight loss drugs, but was withdrawn from clinical use because of reports of cardiac complications in a subset of patients. Discerning the neurobiology underlying the anorexic action of d-FEN may facilitate the development of new drugs to prevent and treat obesity. Through a combination of functional neuroanatomy, feeding, and electrophysiology studies in rodents, we show that d-FEN-induced anorexia requires activation of central nervous system melanocortin pathways. These results provide a mechanistic explanation of d-FEN's anorexic actions and indicate that drugs targeting these downstream melanocortin pathways may prove to be effective and more selective anti-obesity treatments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heisler, Lora K -- Cowley, Michael A -- Tecott, Laurence H -- Fan, Wei -- Low, Malcolm J -- Smart, James L -- Rubinstein, Marcelo -- Tatro, Jeffrey B -- Marcus, Jacob N -- Holstege, Henne -- Lee, Charlotte E -- Cone, Roger D -- Elmquist, Joel K -- F31HG00201/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P01DK056116/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01DK55819/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01MH061583/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH44694/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH61624/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R03TW01233/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jul 26;297(5581):609-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite Depressants/*pharmacology ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/*drug effects/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Fenfluramine/*pharmacology ; Male ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/drug effects/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C ; Receptors, Corticotropin/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Serotonin Agents/pharmacology ; alpha-MSH/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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