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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: On 25 October 2000, the Near Earth Asteroid Rendevous (NEAR)-Shoemaker spacecraft executed a low-altitude flyover of asteroid 433 Eros, making it possible to image the surface at a resolution of about 1 meter per pixel. The images reveal an evolved surface distinguished by an abundance of ejecta blocks, a dearth of small craters, and smooth material infilling some topographic lows. The subdued appearance of craters of different diameters and the variety of blocks and different degrees of their burial suggest that ejecta from several impact events blanketed the region imaged at closest approach and led to the building up of a substantial and complex regolith consisting of fine materials and abundant meter-sized blocks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veverka, J -- Thomas, P C -- Robinson, M -- Murchie, S -- Chapman, C -- Bell, M -- Harch, A -- Merline, W J -- Bell , J F 3rd -- Bussey, B -- Carcich, B -- Cheng, A -- Clark, B -- Domingue, D -- Dunham, D -- Farquhar, R -- Gaffey, M J -- Hawkins, E -- Izenberg, N -- Joseph, J -- Kirk, R -- Li, H -- Lucey, P -- Malin, M -- McFadden, L -- Miller, J K -- Owen , W M Jr -- Peterson, C -- Prockter, L -- Warren, J -- Wellnitz, D -- Williams, B G -- Yeomans, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):484-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: During the 23 December 1998 flyby of asteroid 433 Eros, the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft obtained 222 images of Eros, as well as supporting spectral observations. The images cover slightly more than two-thirds of Eros (best resolution is approximately 400 meters per pixel) and reveal an elongated, cratered body with a linear feature extending for at least 20 kilometers. Our observations show that Eros has dimensions of 33 x 13 x 13 kilometers. The volume, combined with the mass determined by the NEAR radio science experiment, leads to a density of 2.5 +/- 0.8 grams per cubic centimeter. This relatively high density, and the presence of an extensive linear feature, suggest that Eros may be a structurally coherent body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veverka -- Thomas -- Bell 3rd -- Bell -- Carcich -- Clark -- Harch -- Joseph -- Martin -- Robinson -- Murchie -- Izenberg -- Hawkins -- Warren -- Farquhar -- Cheng -- Dunham -- Chapman -- Merline -- McFadden -- Wellnitz -- Malin -- Owen Jr -- Miller -- Williams -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):562-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, 309 Locy Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. Sou.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2000-09-23
    Description: Eros is a very elongated (34 kilometers by 11 kilometers by 11 kilometers) asteroid, most of the surface of which is saturated with craters smaller than 1 kilometer in diameter. The largest crater is 5.5 kilometers across, but there is a 10-kilometer saddle-like depression with attributes of a large degraded crater. Surface lineations, both grooves and ridges, are prominent on Eros; some probably exploit planes of weakness produced by collisions on Eros and/or its parent body. Ejecta blocks (30 to 100 meters across) are abundant but not uniformly distributed over the surface. Albedo variations are restricted to the inner walls of certain craters and may be related to downslope movement of regolith. On scales of 200 meters to 1 kilometer, Eros is more bland in terms of color variations than Gaspra or Ida. Spectra (800 to 2500 nanometers) are consistent with an ordinary chondrite composition for which the measured mean density of 2.67 +/- 0.1 grams per cubic centimeter implies internal porosities ranging from about 10 to 30 percent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veverka -- Robinson -- Thomas -- Murchie -- Bell 3rd -- Izenberg -- Chapman -- Harch -- Bell -- Carcich -- Cheng -- Clark -- Domingue -- Dunham -- Farquhar -- Gaffey -- Hawkins -- Joseph -- Kirk -- Li -- Lucey -- Malin -- Martin -- McFadden -- Merline -- Miller -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2088-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, 309 Locy Hall, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 1110 Johns Hopkins Road, L.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11000105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-01-26
    Description: Pulsars emit from low-frequency radio waves up to high-energy gamma-rays, generated anywhere from the stellar surface out to the edge of the magnetosphere. Detecting correlated mode changes across the electromagnetic spectrum is therefore key to understanding the physical relationship among the emission sites. Through simultaneous observations, we detected synchronous switching in the radio and x-ray emission properties of PSR B0943+10. When the pulsar is in a sustained radio-"bright" mode, the x-rays show only an unpulsed, nonthermal component. Conversely, when the pulsar is in a radio-"quiet" mode, the x-ray luminosity more than doubles and a 100% pulsed thermal component is observed along with the nonthermal component. This indicates rapid, global changes to the conditions in the magnetosphere, which challenge all proposed pulsar emission theories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermsen, W -- Hessels, J W T -- Kuiper, L -- van Leeuwen, J -- Mitra, D -- de Plaa, J -- Rankin, J M -- Stappers, B W -- Wright, G A E -- Basu, R -- Alexov, A -- Coenen, T -- Griessmeier, J-M -- Hassall, T E -- Karastergiou, A -- Keane, E -- Kondratiev, V I -- Kramer, M -- Kuniyoshi, M -- Noutsos, A -- Serylak, M -- Pilia, M -- Sobey, C -- Weltevrede, P -- Zagkouris, K -- Asgekar, A -- Avruch, I M -- Batejat, F -- Bell, M E -- Bell, M R -- Bentum, M J -- Bernardi, G -- Best, P -- Birzan, L -- Bonafede, A -- Breitling, F -- Broderick, J -- Bruggen, M -- Butcher, H R -- Ciardi, B -- Duscha, S -- Eisloffel, J -- Falcke, H -- Fender, R -- Ferrari, C -- Frieswijk, W -- Garrett, M A -- de Gasperin, F -- de Geus, E -- Gunst, A W -- Heald, G -- Hoeft, M -- Horneffer, A -- Iacobelli, M -- Kuper, G -- Maat, P -- Macario, G -- Markoff, S -- McKean, J P -- Mevius, M -- Miller-Jones, J C A -- Morganti, R -- Munk, H -- Orru, E -- Paas, H -- Pandey-Pommier, M -- Pandey, V N -- Pizzo, R -- Polatidis, A G -- Rawlings, S -- Reich, W -- Rottgering, H -- Scaife, A M M -- Schoenmakers, A -- Shulevski, A -- Sluman, J -- Steinmetz, M -- Tagger, M -- Tang, Y -- Tasse, C -- ter Veen, S -- Vermeulen, R -- van de Brink, R H -- van Weeren, R J -- Wijers, R A M J -- Wise, M W -- Wucknitz, O -- Yatawatta, S -- Zarka, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):436-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1230960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. w.hermsen@sron.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: The transcriptional regulatory networks that specify and maintain human tissue diversity are largely uncharted. To gain insight into this circuitry, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with promoter microarrays to identify systematically the genes occupied by the transcriptional regulators HNF1alpha, HNF4alpha, and HNF6, together with RNA polymerase II, in human liver and pancreatic islets. We identified tissue-specific regulatory circuits formed by HNF1alpha, HNF4alpha, and HNF6 with other transcription factors, revealing how these factors function as master regulators of hepatocyte and islet transcription. Our results suggest how misregulation of HNF4alpha can contribute to type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012624/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3012624/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odom, Duncan T -- Zizlsperger, Nora -- Gordon, D Benjamin -- Bell, George W -- Rinaldi, Nicola J -- Murray, Heather L -- Volkert, Tom L -- Schreiber, Jorg -- Rolfe, P Alexander -- Gifford, David K -- Fraenkel, Ernest -- Bell, Graeme I -- Young, Richard A -- N01-DK-9-2310/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002668-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome, Human ; Gluconeogenesis ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 6 ; Hepatocytes/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/*metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉HIV persistence during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the principal obstacle to cure. Mechanisms responsible for persistence remain uncertain; infections may be maintained by persistence and clonal expansion of infected cells or by ongoing replication in anatomic locations with poor antiretroviral penetration. These mechanisms require different strategies for eradication, and determining their contributions to HIV persistence is essential. We used phylogenetic approaches to investigate, at the DNA level, HIV populations in blood, lymphoid, and other infected tissues obtained at colonoscopy or autopsy in individuals who were on cART for 8 to 16 years. We found no evidence of ongoing replication or compartmentalization of HIV; we did detect clonal expansion of infected cells that were present before cART. Long-term persistence, and not ongoing replication, is primarily responsible for maintaining HIV. HIV-infected cells present when cART is initiated represent the only identifiable source of persistence and is the appropriate focus for eradication.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉In the 1950s the myxoma virus was released into European rabbit populations in Australia and Europe, decimating populations and resulting in the rapid evolution of resistance. We investigated the genetic basis of resistance by comparing the exomes of rabbits collected before and after the pandemic. We found a strong pattern of parallel evolution, with selection on standing genetic variation favoring the same alleles in Australia, France, and the United Kingdom. Many of these changes occurred in immunity-related genes, supporting a polygenic basis of resistance. We experimentally validated the role of several genes in viral replication and showed that selection acting on an interferon protein has increased the protein’s antiviral effect.〈/p〉
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Adding energy to a system through transient stirring usually leads to more disorder. In contrast, point-like vortices in a bounded two-dimensional fluid are predicted to reorder above a certain energy, forming persistent vortex clusters. In this study, we experimentally realize these vortex clusters in a planar superfluid: a 〈sup〉87〈/sup〉Rb Bose-Einstein condensate confined to an elliptical geometry. We demonstrate that the clusters persist for long time periods, maintaining the superfluid system in a high-energy state far from global equilibrium. Our experiments explore a regime of vortex matter at negative absolute temperatures and have relevance for the dynamics of topological defects, two-dimensional turbulence, and systems such as helium films, nonlinear optical materials, fermion superfluids, and quark-gluon plasmas.〈/p〉
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The conserved Sir2 family of proteins has protein deacetylase activity that is dependent on NAD (the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). Although histones are one likely target for the enzymatic activity of eukaryotic Sir2 proteins, little is known about the substrates and roles of prokaryotic Sir2 homologs. We reveal that an archaeal Sir2 homolog interacts specifically with the major archaeal chromatin protein, Alba, and that Alba exists in acetylated and nonacetylated forms. Furthermore, we show that Sir2 can deacetylate Alba and mediate transcriptional repression in a reconstituted in vitro transcription system. These data provide a paradigm for how Sir2 family proteins influence transcription and suggest that modulation of chromatin structure by acetylation arose before the divergence of the archaeal and eukaryotic lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, Stephen D -- Botting, Catherine H -- Wardleworth, Benjamin N -- Jackson, Stephen P -- White, Malcolm F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):148-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Cell Unit, The Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK. sdb@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal ; Histone Deacetylases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Sulfolobus/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2000-12-23
    Description: Understanding how DNA binding proteins control global gene expression and chromosomal maintenance requires knowledge of the chromosomal locations at which these proteins function in vivo. We developed a microarray method that reveals the genome-wide location of DNA-bound proteins and used this method to monitor binding of gene-specific transcription activators in yeast. A combination of location and expression profiles was used to identify genes whose expression is directly controlled by Gal4 and Ste12 as cells respond to changes in carbon source and mating pheromone, respectively. The results identify pathways that are coordinately regulated by each of the two activators and reveal previously unknown functions for Gal4 and Ste12. Genome-wide location analysis will facilitate investigation of gene regulatory networks, gene function, and genome maintenance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ren, B -- Robert, F -- Wyrick, J J -- Aparicio, O -- Jennings, E G -- Simon, I -- Zeitlinger, J -- Schreiber, J -- Hannett, N -- Kanin, E -- Volkert, T L -- Wilson, C J -- Bell, S P -- Young, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; *Genome, Fungal ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
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