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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-25
    Description: The functional role of progesterone receptor (PR) and its impact on estrogen signaling in breast cancer remain controversial. In primary ER + (estrogen receptor–positive)/PR + human tumors, we report that PR reprograms estrogen signaling as a genomic agonist and a phenotypic antagonist. In isolation, estrogen and progestin act as genomic agonists by regulating the expression of common target genes in similar directions, but at different levels. Similarly, in isolation, progestin is also a weak phenotypic agonist of estrogen action. However, in the presence of both hormones, progestin behaves as a phenotypic estrogen antagonist. PR remodels nucleosomes to noncompetitively redirect ER genomic binding to distal enhancers enriched for BRCA1 binding motifs and sites that link PR and ER/PR complexes. When both hormones are present, progestin modulates estrogen action, such that responsive transcriptomes, cellular processes, and ER/PR recruitment to genomic sites correlate with those observed with PR alone, but not ER alone. Despite this overall correlation, the transcriptome patterns modulated by dual treatment are sufficiently different from individual treatments, such that antagonism of oncogenic processes is both predicted and observed. Combination therapies using the selective PR modulator/antagonist (SPRM) CDB4124 in combination with tamoxifen elicited 70% cytotoxic tumor regression of T47D tumor xenografts, whereas individual therapies inhibited tumor growth without net regression. Our findings demonstrate that PR redirects ER chromatin binding to antagonize estrogen signaling and that SPRMs can potentiate responses to antiestrogens, suggesting that cotargeting of ER and PR in ER + /PR + breast cancers should be explored.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 km. A 4 May earthquake (M6.9) produced ~5 m of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/s, eventually covering 35.5 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to M4.7-M5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent—about 0.8 km〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: Double quantum dots provide an ideal model system for studying interactions between localized impurity spins. We report on the transport properties of a series-coupled double quantum dot as electrons are added one by one onto the dots. When the many-body molecular states are formed, we observe a splitting of the Kondo resonance peak in the differential conductance. This splitting reflects the energy difference between the bonding and antibonding states formed by the coherent superposition of the Kondo states of each dot. The occurrence of the Kondo resonance and its magnetic field dependence agree with a simple interpretation of the spin status of a double quantum dot.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeong, H -- Chang, A M -- Melloch, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2221-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1990-11-16
    Description: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) serves as a membrane anchor for a large number of eukaryotic proteins. A genetic approach was used to investigate the biosynthesis of GPI anchor precursors in mammalian cells. T cell hybridoma mutants that cannot synthesize dolichol-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man) also do not express on their surface GPI-anchored proteins such as Thy-1 and Ly-6A. These mutants cannot form mannose-containing GPI precursors. Transfection with the yeast Dol-P-Man synthase gene rescues the synthesis of both Dol-P-Man and mannose-containing GPI precursors, as well as the surface expression of Thy-1 and Ly-6A, suggesting that Dol-P-Man is the donor of at least one mannose residue in the GPI core.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeGasperi, R -- Thomas, L J -- Sugiyama, E -- Chang, H M -- Beck, P J -- Orlean, P -- Albright, C -- Waneck, G -- Sambrook, J F -- Warren, C D -- AR-03564/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-16942/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-21087/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):988-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1978413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Ly/metabolism ; Antigens, Surface/metabolism ; Antigens, Thy-1 ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose/metabolism ; *Genes, Fungal ; Glycolipids/*biosynthesis ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Hybridomas ; Phosphatidylinositols/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Michael -- Lingner, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):60-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1155132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. michael.chang@epfl.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Telomere-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: The question of how the human brain represents conceptual knowledge has been debated in many scientific fields. Brain imaging studies have shown that different spatial patterns of neural activation are associated with thinking about different semantic categories of pictures and words (for example, tools, buildings, and animals). We present a computational model that predicts the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neural activation associated with words for which fMRI data are not yet available. This model is trained with a combination of data from a trillion-word text corpus and observed fMRI data associated with viewing several dozen concrete nouns. Once trained, the model predicts fMRI activation for thousands of other concrete nouns in the text corpus, with highly significant accuracies over the 60 nouns for which we currently have fMRI data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mitchell, Tom M -- Shinkareva, Svetlana V -- Carlson, Andrew -- Chang, Kai-Min -- Malave, Vicente L -- Mason, Robert A -- Just, Marcel Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1191-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152876.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Tom.Mitchell@cs.cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Semantics ; Speech Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: A genetic interaction network containing approximately 1000 genes and approximately 4000 interactions was mapped by crossing mutations in 132 different query genes into a set of approximately 4700 viable gene yeast deletion mutants and scoring the double mutant progeny for fitness defects. Network connectivity was predictive of function because interactions often occurred among functionally related genes, and similar patterns of interactions tended to identify components of the same pathway. The genetic network exhibited dense local neighborhoods; therefore, the position of a gene on a partially mapped network is predictive of other genetic interactions. Because digenic interactions are common in yeast, similar networks may underlie the complex genetics associated with inherited phenotypes in other organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Amy Hin Yan -- Lesage, Guillaume -- Bader, Gary D -- Ding, Huiming -- Xu, Hong -- Xin, Xiaofeng -- Young, James -- Berriz, Gabriel F -- Brost, Renee L -- Chang, Michael -- Chen, YiQun -- Cheng, Xin -- Chua, Gordon -- Friesen, Helena -- Goldberg, Debra S -- Haynes, Jennifer -- Humphries, Christine -- He, Grace -- Hussein, Shamiza -- Ke, Lizhu -- Krogan, Nevan -- Li, Zhijian -- Levinson, Joshua N -- Lu, Hong -- Menard, Patrice -- Munyana, Christella -- Parsons, Ainslie B -- Ryan, Owen -- Tonikian, Raffi -- Roberts, Tania -- Sdicu, Anne-Marie -- Shapiro, Jesse -- Sheikh, Bilal -- Suter, Bernhard -- Wong, Sharyl L -- Zhang, Lan V -- Zhu, Hongwei -- Burd, Christopher G -- Munro, Sean -- Sander, Chris -- Rine, Jasper -- Greenblatt, Jack -- Peter, Matthias -- Bretscher, Anthony -- Bell, Graham -- Roth, Frederick P -- Brown, Grant W -- Andrews, Brenda -- Bussey, Howard -- Boone, Charles -- GM39066/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61221/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):808-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Computational Biology ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Essential ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (〈i〉M〈/i〉〈sub〉w〈/sub〉) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to 〈i〉M〈/i〉〈sub〉w〈/sub〉 4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent—about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1994-04-29
    Description: In a search for genes that regulate circadian rhythms in mammals, the progeny of mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) were screened for circadian clock mutations. A semidominant mutation, Clock, that lengthens circadian period and abolishes persistence of rhythmicity was identified. Clock segregated as a single gene that mapped to the midportion of mouse chromosome 5, a region syntenic to human chromosome 4. The power of ENU mutagenesis combined with the ability to clone murine genes by map position provides a generally applicable approach to study complex behavior in mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitaterna, M H -- King, D P -- Chang, A M -- Kornhauser, J M -- Lowrey, P L -- McDonald, J D -- Dove, W F -- Pinto, L H -- Turek, F W -- Takahashi, J S -- P30-CA07175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-DK40493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS071040/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 29;264(5159):719-25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; *Genes ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mutagenesis ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-06-08
    Description: The mammalian intestinal tract is colonized by trillions of beneficial commensal bacteria that are anatomically restricted to specific niches. However, the mechanisms that regulate anatomical containment remain unclear. Here, we show that interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are present in intestinal tissues of healthy mammals. Depletion of ILCs resulted in peripheral dissemination of commensal bacteria and systemic inflammation, which was prevented by administration of IL-22. Disseminating bacteria were identified as Alcaligenes species originating from host lymphoid tissues. Alcaligenes was sufficient to promote systemic inflammation after ILC depletion in mice, and Alcaligenes-specific systemic immune responses were associated with Crohn's disease and progressive hepatitis C virus infection in patients. Collectively, these data indicate that ILCs regulate selective containment of lymphoid-resident bacteria to prevent systemic inflammation associated with chronic diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659421/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3659421/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sonnenberg, Gregory F -- Monticelli, Laurel A -- Alenghat, Theresa -- Fung, Thomas C -- Hutnick, Natalie A -- Kunisawa, Jun -- Shibata, Naoko -- Grunberg, Stephanie -- Sinha, Rohini -- Zahm, Adam M -- Tardif, Melanie R -- Sathaliyawala, Taheri -- Kubota, Masaru -- Farber, Donna L -- Collman, Ronald G -- Shaked, Abraham -- Fouser, Lynette A -- Weiner, David B -- Tessier, Philippe A -- Friedman, Joshua R -- Kiyono, Hiroshi -- Bushman, Frederic D -- Chang, Kyong-Mi -- Artis, David -- 2-P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- AI061570/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI074878/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI083480/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI087990/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095466/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI095608/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI47619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK093784/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08-DK093784/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI 045008/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30DK50306/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI061570/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI074878/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI095466/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI102942/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI083480/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI087990/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 RR007063/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI055428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-RR007063/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI095608/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1321-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1222551. Epub 2012 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alcaligenes/immunology/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Crohn Disease/immunology/microbiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation ; Interleukins/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Intestines/*immunology/microbiology ; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/metabolism ; Liver/microbiology ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/*immunology/*microbiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; Spleen/microbiology ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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