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  • Animals  (6)
  • Geosciences (General)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (6)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2002-08-17
    Description: Recent data imply that for much of the Proterozoic Eon (2500 to 543 million years ago), Earth's oceans were moderately oxic at the surface and sulfidic at depth. Under these conditions, biologically important trace metals would have been scarce in most marine environments, potentially restricting the nitrogen cycle, affecting primary productivity, and limiting the ecological distribution of eukaryotic algae. Oceanic redox conditions and their bioinorganic consequences may thus help to explain observed patterns of Proterozoic evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, A D -- Knoll, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 16;297(5584):1137-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. anbar@earth.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12183619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/growth & development/metabolism ; Bacteria/growth & development/metabolism ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Eukaryota/growth & development/metabolism ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Iron/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Seawater ; Sulfides/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Trace Elements/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: The Cambrian appearance of fossils representing diverse phyla has long inspired hypotheses about possible genetic or environmental catalysts of early animal evolution. Only recently, however, have data begun to emerge that can resolve the sequence of genetic and morphological innovations, environmental events, and ecological interactions that collectively shaped Cambrian evolution. Assembly of the modern genetic tool kit for development and the initial divergence of major animal clades occurred during the Proterozoic Eon. Crown group morphologies diversified in the Cambrian through changes in the genetic regulatory networks that organize animal ontogeny. Cambrian radiation may have been triggered by environmental perturbation near the Proterozoic-Cambrian boundary and subsequently amplified by ecological interactions within reorganized ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knoll, A H -- Carroll, S B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2129-37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Geologic Sediments ; Oxygen ; *Paleontology ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: Earth's surface chemical environment has evolved from an early anoxic condition to the oxic state we have today. Transitional between an earlier Proterozoic world with widespread deep-water anoxia and a Phanerozoic world with large oxygen-utilizing animals, the Neoproterozoic Era [1000 to 542 million years ago (Ma)] plays a key role in this history. The details of Neoproterozoic Earth surface oxygenation, however, remain unclear. We report that through much of the later Neoproterozoic (〈742 +/- 6 Ma), anoxia remained widespread beneath the mixed layer of the oceans; deeper water masses were sometimes sulfidic but were mainly Fe2+-enriched. These ferruginous conditions marked a return to ocean chemistry not seen for more than one billion years of Earth history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canfield, Donald E -- Poulton, Simon W -- Knoll, Andrew H -- Narbonne, Guy M -- Ross, Gerry -- Goldberg, Tatiana -- Strauss, Harald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):949-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1154499. Epub 2008 Jul 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark. dec@biology.sdu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Ice Cover ; Iron/*analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Sulfates/analysis ; Sulfides/analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-03-10
    Description: On the basis of putative nuclei and endospores, Huldtgren et al. (Reports, 23 December 2011, p. 1696) propose that embryo-like Doushantuo microfossils are nonmetazoan holozoans akin to mesomycetozoeans. However, both size and preservation preclude interpretation of internal structures as nuclei. Moreover, the authors may have conflated two different populations; some specimens display a pseudoparenchymatous organization incompatible with a mesomycetozoean comparison.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiao, Shuhai -- Knoll, Andrew H -- Schiffbauer, James D -- Zhou, Chuanming -- Yuan, Xunlai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 9;335(6073):1169; author reply 1169. doi: 10.1126/science.1218814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. xiao@vt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*ultrastructure ; Eukaryota/*growth & development ; *Fossils
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: High-resolution carbon isotope measurements of multiple stratigraphic sections in south China demonstrate that the pronounced carbon isotopic excursion at the Permian-Triassic boundary was not an isolated event but the first in a series of large fluctuations that continued throughout the Early Triassic before ending abruptly early in the Middle Triassic. The unusual behavior of the carbon cycle coincides with the delayed recovery from end-Permian extinction recorded by fossils, suggesting a direct relationship between Earth system function and biological rediversification in the aftermath of Earth's most devastating mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Payne, Jonathan L -- Lehrmann, Daniel J -- Wei, Jiayong -- Orchard, Michael J -- Schrag, Daniel P -- Knoll, Andrew H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):506-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jpayne@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Invertebrates/anatomy & histology ; Methane/analysis ; Oxygen ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-07-26
    Description: The repeated association during the late Neoproterozoic Era of large carbon-isotopic excursions, continental glaciation, and stratigraphically anomalous carbonate precipitation provides a framework for interpreting the reprise of these conditions on the Late Permian Earth. A paleoceanographic model that was developed to explain these stratigraphically linked phenomena suggests that the overturn of anoxic deep oceans during the Late Permian introduced high concentrations of carbon dioxide into surficial environments. The predicted physiological and climatic consequences for marine and terrestrial organisms are in good accord with the observed timing and selectivity of Late Permian mass extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knoll, A H -- Bambach, R K -- Canfield, D E -- Grotzinger, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jul 26;273:452-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11541222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry ; Carbon Isotopes ; Earth (Planet) ; Geological Phenomena ; *Geology ; Hypercapnia/etiology/physiopathology ; Models, Chemical ; Oxygen/*chemistry ; Paleontology ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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