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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,966)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1990-1994  (2,156)
  • 1980-1984  (1,810)
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  • 1
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    Interpretation of snow-climate feedback as produced by 17 general circulation models (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: Snow feedback is expected to amplify global warming caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The conventional explanation is that a warmer Earth will have less snow cover, resulting in a darker planet that absorbs more solar radiation. An intercomparison of 17 general circulation models, for which perturbations of sea surface temperature were used as a surrogate climate change, suggests that this explanation is overly simplistic. The results instead indicate that additional amplification or moderation may be caused both by cloud interactions and longwave radiation. One measure of this net effect of snow feedback was found to differ markedly among the 17 climate models, ranging from weak negative feedback in some models to strong positive feedback in others.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Potter, G L -- Zhang, M H -- Blanchet, J P -- Chalita, S -- Colman, R -- Dazlich, D A -- Genio, A D -- Dymnikov, V -- Galin, V -- Jerrett, D -- Keup, E -- Lacis, A A -- LE Treut, H -- Liang, X Z -- Mahfouf, J F -- McAvaney, B J -- Meleshko, V P -- Mitchell, J F -- Morcrette, J J -- Norris, P M -- Randall, D A -- Rikus, L -- Roeckner, E -- Royer, J F -- Schlese, U -- Sheinin, D A -- Slingo, J M -- Sokolov, A S -- Taylor, K E -- Washington, W M -- Wetherald, R T -- Yagai, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):888-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17751825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Cloned viral protein vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease: responses in cattle and swine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: A DNA sequence coding for the immunogenic capsid protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus A12, prepared from the virion RNA, was ligated to a plasmid designed to express a chimeric protein from the Escherichia coli tryptophan promoter-operator system. When Escherichia coli transformed with this plasmid was grown in tryptophan-depleted media, approximately 17 percent of the total cellular protein was found to be an insoluble and stable chimeric protein. The purified chimeric protein competed equally on a molar basis with VP3 for specific antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus. When inoculated into six cattle and two swine, this protein elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protection against challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kleid, D G -- Yansura, D -- Small, B -- Dowbenko, D -- Moore, D M -- Grubman, M J -- McKercher, P D -- Morgan, D O -- Robertson, B H -- Bachrach, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1125-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/*prevention & control ; Immunity, Cellular ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*prevention & control ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Vaccines ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    Isolation of sequences that span the fragile X and identification of a fragile X-related CpG island (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) were obtained from a 550-kilobase region that contains three probes previously mapped as very close to the locus of the fragile X syndrome. These YACs spanned the fragile site in Xq27.3 as shown by fluorescent in situ hybridization. An internal 200-kilobase segment contained four chromosomal breakpoints generated by induction of fragile X expression. A single CpG island was identified in the cloned region between markers DXS463 and DXS465 that appears methylated in mentally retarded fragile X males, but not in nonexpressing male carriers of the mutation nor in normal males. This CpG island may indicate the presence of a gene involved in the clinical phenotype of the syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heitz, D -- Rousseau, F -- Devys, D -- Saccone, S -- Abderrahim, H -- Le Paslier, D -- Cohen, D -- Vincent, A -- Toniolo, D -- Della Valle, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1236-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2006411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; *Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reference Values ; Restriction Mapping ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Plea to the scientific community (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baltimore, D -- Berg, P -- Bloch, K E -- Brown, D D -- Kornberg, A -- Nathans, D -- Smith, H O -- Watson, J D -- Thomas, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 4;216(4550):1046.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17808459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Hayflick-NIH Settlement (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strehler, B L -- Abraham, S -- Bayreuther, K -- Bienenstock, A -- Binstock, R -- Birren, J -- Blumenthal, H T -- Brautbar, C -- Brody, E M -- Brody, H -- Comfort, A -- Cottle, R W -- Danielli, J F -- Danon, D -- Datan, N -- Ebbesen, P -- Elsen, A -- Freundt, E A -- Gallop, P M -- Girardi, A J -- Glenn, P F -- Goheen, J D -- Goldstein, S -- Good, R A -- Goodlin, R C -- Granoff, A -- Gray, A -- Haber, P A -- Hamparian, V V -- Hijmans, W -- Holliday, R -- Horvath, S M -- Houck, J C -- Huebner, R J -- Itoh, H -- Jukes, T -- Kaplan, H S -- Kirkman, H -- Kuwert, E -- Leiderman, P H -- Liss, A -- Litwin, J -- Lubin, B -- Macieira-Coelho, A -- Madoff, S -- Maletta, G J -- Maramorosch, K -- Martin, G M -- Masover, G -- Matsumura, T -- Medvedev, Z -- Melnick, J L -- Merchant, D J -- Namba, M -- Neter, E -- Neugarten, B -- Orgel, L -- Outschoorn, A S -- Pace, D M -- Packer, L -- Parker, J C -- Patterson, M D Jr -- Pollard, M -- Portnuff, J -- Razin, S -- Reiff, T R -- Robert, L -- Rockstein, M -- Rosamoff, H -- Rosanoff, E I -- Rottem, S -- Schachter, J -- Schwartz, H -- Shanas, E -- Shimkin, M B -- Smith, J R -- Somerson, N L -- Stinebring, W -- Textor, R -- Thomas, L -- Viidik, A -- Weg, R -- Yabrov, A -- Yanofsky, C -- Zatz, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):240-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    A Transient Radio Source near the Center of the Milky Way Galaxy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-20
    Description: In late December 1990, a new radio source appeared near the center of our galaxy rivaling the intensity of Sgr A(*) (the compact radio source at the galactic center). Following its first detection, the flux density of the galactic center transient (GCT) increased rapidly to a maximum 1 month later, and then declined gradually with a time scale of about 3 months. Surprisingly, the GCT maintained a steep radio spectrum during both its rising and decay phases. The neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption shows similar absorption to that in front of Sgr A(*); this indicates that the GCT lies near the galactic center. Furthermore, both HI and OH observations show an additional deep absorption at +20 kilometers per second with respect to the local standard of rest. Thus, the GCT is either embedded in or located behind a molecular cloud moving with that velocity. The cloud can be seen on infrared images. Its opacity is shown to be inadequate to conceal a supernova near the galactic center. It is argued that the GCT was probably transient radio emission from synchrotron-radiating plasma associated with an x-ray binary system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, J H -- Roberts, D A -- Goss, W M -- Frail, D A -- Lo, K Y -- Subrahmanyan, R -- Kesteven, M J -- Ekers, R D -- Allen, D A -- Burton, M G -- Spyromilio, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 20;255(5051):1538-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17820165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
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    Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at venus (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: During the 1990 Galileo Venus flyby, the Near Infaied Mapping Spectrometer investigated the night-side atmosphere of Venus in the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers. Multispectral images at high spatial resolution indicate substanmial cloud opacity variations in the lower cloud levels, centered at 50 kilometers altitude. Zonal and meridional winds were derived for this level and are consistent with motion of the upper branch of a Hadley cell. Northern and southern hemisphere clouds appear to be markedly different. Spectral profiles were used to derive lower atmosphere abundances of water vapor and other species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, R W -- Baines, K H -- Encrenaz, T -- Taylor, F W -- Drossart, P -- Kamp, L W -- Pollack, J B -- Lellouch, E -- Collard, A D -- Calcutt, S B -- Grinspoon, D -- Weissman, P R -- Smythe, W D -- Ocampo, A C -- Danielson, G E -- Fanale, F P -- Johnson, T V -- Kieffer, H H -- Matson, D L -- McCord, T B -- Soderblom, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1541-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Inhibition of HIV replication in acute and chronic infections in vitro by a Tat antagonist (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) trans-activator Tat is an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs because inhibition of Tat would arrest the virus at an early stage. The drug Ro 5-3335 [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(H)-one], inhibited gene expression by HIV-1 at the level of transcriptional trans-activation by Tat. The compound did not inhibit the basal activity of the promoter. Both Tat and its target sequence TAR were required for the observed inhibitory activity. Ro 5-3335 reduced the amount of cell-associated viral RNA and antigen in acutely, as well as in chronically infected cells in vitro (median inhibition concentration 0.1 to 1 micromolar). Effective inhibition of viral replication was also observed 24 hours after cells were transfected with infectious recombinant HIV-1 DNA. The compound was active against both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant clinical isolates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, M C -- Schutt, A D -- Holly, M -- Slice, L W -- Sherman, M I -- Richman, D D -- Potash, M J -- Volsky, D J -- AI 27397/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 29164/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1799-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Gene Products, tat/*antagonists & inhibitors ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat/drug effects ; HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; HIV-2/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects ; Pyrroles/*pharmacology ; Virus Replication/*drug effects ; Zidovudine/pharmacology ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 9
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    Mutations in the rod domains of keratins 1 and 10 in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-21
    Description: Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a hereditary skin disorder characterized by blistering and a marked thickening of the stratum corneum. In one family, affected individuals exhibited a mutation in the highly conserved carboxyl terminal of the rod domain of keratin 1. In two other families, affected individuals had mutations in the highly conserved amino terminal of the rod domain of keratin 10. Structural analysis of these mutations predicts that heterodimer formation would be unaffected, although filament assembly and elongation would be severely compromised. These data imply that an intact keratin intermediate filament network is required for the maintenance of both cellular and tissue integrity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothnagel, J A -- Dominey, A M -- Dempsey, L D -- Longley, M A -- Greenhalgh, D A -- Gagne, T A -- Huber, M -- Frenk, E -- Hohl, D -- Roop, D R -- HD25479/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 21;257(5073):1128-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1380725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA/chemistry ; Humans ; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital/*genetics ; Keratins/chemistry/*genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Uncertainties in carbon dioxide radiative forcing in atmospheric general circulation models (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-19
    Description: Global warming caused by an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, is the direct result of greenhouse gas-induced radiative forcing. When a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide is considered, this forcing differed substantially among 15 atmospheric general circulation models. Although there are several potential causes, the largest contributor was the carbon dioxide radiation parameterizations of the models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Zhang, M H -- Potter, G L -- Barker, H W -- Colman, R A -- Dazlich, D A -- Del Genio, A D -- Esch, M -- Fraser, J R -- Galin, V -- Gates, W L -- Hack, J J -- Ingram, W J -- Kiehl, J T -- Lacis, A A -- Le Treut, H -- Li, Z X -- Liang, X Z -- Mahfouf, J F -- McAvaney, B J -- Meleshko, V P -- Morcrette, J J -- Randall, D A -- Roeckner, E -- Royer, J F -- Sokolov, A P -- Sporyshev, P V -- Taylor, K E -- Wang, W C -- Wetherald, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 19;262(5137):1252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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