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  • Springer  (868)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (78)
  • 1
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    Dynamic coding of predatory information between the prelimbic cortex and lateral amygdala in foraging rats (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-19
    Description: Predation is considered a major selective pressure in the evolution of fear, but the neurophysiology of predator-induced fear is unknown. We simultaneously recorded lateral amygdala (LA) and prelimbic (PL) area neuronal activities as rats exited a safe nest to search for food in an open space before, during, and after encountering a "predator" robot programmed to surge from afar. Distinct populations of LA neurons transiently increased spiking as rats either advanced or fled the robot, whereas PL neurons showed longer-lasting spike trains that preceded and persisted beyond LA activity. Moreover, discrete LA-PL cell pairs displayed correlated firings only when the animals either approached or fled the robot. These results suggest a general fear function of the LA-PL circuit where the PL participates in the initial detection of potential threats, the LA signals the occurrence of real threats, and the dynamic LA-PL interaction optimizes defensive readiness for action.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Inositol polyphosphate multikinase promotes Toll-like receptor-induced inflammation by stabilizing TRAF6 (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-22
    Description: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is tightly controlled to protect hosts from microorganisms while simultaneously preventing uncontrolled immune responses. Tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a critical mediator of TLR signaling, but the precise mechanism of how TRAF6 protein stability is strictly controlled still remains obscure. We show that myeloid-specific deletion of inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), which has both inositol polyphosphate kinase activities and noncatalytic signaling functions, protects mice against polymicrobial sepsis and lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. IPMK depletion in macrophages results in decreased levels of TRAF6 protein, thereby dampening TLR-induced signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, the regulatory role of IPMK is independent of its catalytic function, instead reflecting its direct binding to TRAF6. This interaction stabilizes TRAF6 by blocking its K48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Thus, these findings identify IPMK as a key determinant of TRAF6 stability and elucidate the physiological function of IPMK in TLR-induced innate immunity.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    MMOD-induced structural changes of hydroxylase in soluble methane monooxygenase (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Soluble methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs converts methane to methanol under ambient conditions. The maximum catalytic activity of hydroxylase (MMOH) is achieved through the interplay of its regulatory protein (MMOB) and reductase. An additional auxiliary protein, MMOD, functions as an inhibitor of MMOH; however, its inhibitory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the MMOH-MMOD complex from 〈i〉Methylosinus sporium〈/i〉 strain 5 (2.6 Å). Its structure illustrates that MMOD associates with the canyon region of MMOH where MMOB binds. Although MMOD and MMOB recognize the same binding site, each binding component triggers different conformational changes toward MMOH, which then respectively lead to the inhibition and activation of MMOH. Particularly, MMOD binding perturbs the di-iron geometry by inducing two major MMOH conformational changes, i.e., MMOH β subunit disorganization and subsequent His〈sup〉147〈/sup〉 dissociation with Fe1 coordination. Furthermore, 1,6-hexanediol, a mimic of the products of sMMO, reveals the substrate access route.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the realization of reliability functions of probabilistic communication networks (1968)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 2 (1968), S. 39-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents some properties and interrelationships of terminal reliability functions of probabilistic communication networks with distinct element reliabilities. Based on topological techniques a synthesis procedure as well as realizability conditions are given. In addition, a uniqueness theorem is proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01534958
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    Wafer-scale single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride film via self-collimated grain formation (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Although polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride (PC-hBN) has been realized, defects and grain boundaries still cause charge scatterings and trap sites, impeding high-performance electronics. Here, we report a method of synthesizing wafer-scale single-crystalline hBN (SC-hBN) monolayer films by chemical vapor deposition. The limited solubility of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) atoms in liquid gold promotes high diffusion of adatoms on the surface of liquid at high temperature to provoke the circular hBN grains. These further evolve into closely packed unimodal grains by means of self-collimation of B and N edges inherited by electrostatic interaction between grains, eventually forming an SC-hBN film on a wafer scale. This SC-hBN film also allows for the synthesis of wafer-scale graphene/hBN heterostructure and single-crystalline tungsten disulfide.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Newly developed reversible MAO-B inhibitor circumvents the shortcomings of irreversible inhibitors in Alzheimers disease (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Monoamine oxidase–B (MAO-B) has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) because of its association with aberrant -aminobutyric acid (GABA) production in reactive astrocytes. Although short-term treatment with irreversible MAO-B inhibitors, such as selegiline, improves cognitive deficits in AD patients, long-term treatments have shown disappointing results. We show that prolonged treatment with selegiline fails to reduce aberrant astrocytic GABA levels and rescue memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, because of increased activity in compensatory genes for a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, diamine oxidase (DAO). We have developed a potent, highly selective, and reversible MAO-B inhibitor, KDS2010 (IC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 = 7.6 nM; 12,500-fold selectivity over MAO-A), which overcomes the disadvantages of the irreversible MAO-B inhibitor. Long-term treatment with KDS2010 does not induce compensatory mechanisms, thereby significantly attenuating increased astrocytic GABA levels and astrogliosis, enhancing synaptic transmission, and rescuing learning and memory impairments in APP/PS1 mice.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Nano-bio-computing lipid nanotablet (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Using nanoparticles as substrates for computation enables algorithmic and autonomous controls of their unique and beneficial properties. However, scalable architecture for nanoparticle-based computing systems is lacking. Here, we report a platform for constructing nanoparticle logic gates and circuits at the single-particle level on a supported lipid bilayer. Our "lipid nanotablet" platform, inspired by cellular membranes that are exploited to compartmentalize and control signaling networks, uses a lipid bilayer as a chemical circuit board and nanoparticles as computational units. On a lipid nanotablet, a single-nanoparticle logic gate senses molecules in solution as inputs and triggers particle assembly or disassembly as an output. We demonstrate a set of Boolean logic operations, fan-in/fan-out of logic gates, and a combinational logic circuit such as a multiplexer. We envisage that our approach to modularly implement nanoparticle circuits on a lipid bilayer will create new paradigms and opportunities in molecular computing, nanoparticle circuits, and systems nanoscience.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    High-Tc superconductors in the two-dimensional limit (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-11
    Description: The free modulation of interlayer distance in a layered high-transition temperature (high-Tc) superconductor is of crucial importance not only for the study of the superconducting mechanism but also for the practical application of high-Tc superconducting materials. Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors were achieved by intercalating a long-chain organic compound into bismuth-based high-Tc cuprates. Although the intercalation of the organic chain increased the interlayer distance remarkably, to tens of angstroms, the superconducting transition temperature of the intercalate was nearly the same as that of the pristine material, suggesting the 2D nature of the high-Tc superconductivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choy -- Kwon -- Park -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 5;280(5369):1589-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jin-Ho Choy and Soon-Jae Kwon, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Catalysis, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. Gyeong-Su Park, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Post Office Box 111〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: The genome of the japonica subspecies of rice, an important cereal and model monocot, was sequenced and assembled by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The assembled sequence covers 93% of the 420-megabase genome. Gene predictions on the assembled sequence suggest that the genome contains 32,000 to 50,000 genes. Homologs of 98% of the known maize, wheat, and barley proteins are found in rice. Synteny and gene homology between rice and the other cereal genomes are extensive, whereas synteny with Arabidopsis is limited. Assignment of candidate rice orthologs to Arabidopsis genes is possible in many cases. The rice genome sequence provides a foundation for the improvement of cereals, our most important crops.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goff, Stephen A -- Ricke, Darrell -- Lan, Tien-Hung -- Presting, Gernot -- Wang, Ronglin -- Dunn, Molly -- Glazebrook, Jane -- Sessions, Allen -- Oeller, Paul -- Varma, Hemant -- Hadley, David -- Hutchison, Don -- Martin, Chris -- Katagiri, Fumiaki -- Lange, B Markus -- Moughamer, Todd -- Xia, Yu -- Budworth, Paul -- Zhong, Jingping -- Miguel, Trini -- Paszkowski, Uta -- Zhang, Shiping -- Colbert, Michelle -- Sun, Wei-lin -- Chen, Lili -- Cooper, Bret -- Park, Sylvia -- Wood, Todd Charles -- Mao, Long -- Quail, Peter -- Wing, Rod -- Dean, Ralph -- Yu, Yeisoo -- Zharkikh, Andrey -- Shen, Richard -- Sahasrabudhe, Sudhir -- Thomas, Alun -- Cannings, Rob -- Gutin, Alexander -- Pruss, Dmitry -- Reid, Julia -- Tavtigian, Sean -- Mitchell, Jeff -- Eldredge, Glenn -- Scholl, Terri -- Miller, Rose Mary -- Bhatnagar, Satish -- Adey, Nils -- Rubano, Todd -- Tusneem, Nadeem -- Robinson, Rosann -- Feldhaus, Jane -- Macalma, Teresita -- Oliphant, Arnold -- Briggs, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):92-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Torrey Mesa Research Institute, Syngenta, 3115 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. stephen.goff@syngenta.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Oryza/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphate Transport Proteins/genetics ; Plant Diseases ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Plant Structures/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Software ; Synteny ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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