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  • Springer  (67)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • Seismological Society of America (SSA)
  • 1
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    The neural circuitry of affect-induced distortions of trust (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Aversive affect is likely a key source of irrational human decision-making, but still, little is known about the neural circuitry underlying emotion-cognition interactions during social behavior. We induced incidental aversive affect via prolonged periods of threat of shock, while 41 healthy participants made investment decisions concerning another person or a lottery. Negative affect reduced trust, suppressed trust-specific activity in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and reduced functional connectivity between the TPJ and emotion-related regions such as the amygdala. The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) seems to play a key role in mediating the impact of affect on behavior: Functional connectivity of this brain area with left TPJ was associated with trust in the absence of negative affect, but aversive affect disrupted this association between TPJ-pSTS connectivity and behavioral trust. Our findings may be useful for a better understanding of the neural circuitry of affective distortions in healthy and pathological populations.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet plateau (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-27
    Description: Two end member models of how the high elevations in Tibet formed are (i) continuous thickening and widespread viscous flow of the crust and mantle of the entire plateau and (ii) time-dependent, localized shear between coherent lithospheric blocks. Recent studies of Cenozoic deformation, magmatism, and seismic structure lend support to the latter. Since India collided with Asia approximately 55 million years ago, the rise of the high Tibetan plateau likely occurred in three main steps, by successive growth and uplift of 300- to 500-kilometer-wide crustal thrust-wedges. The crust thickened, while the mantle, decoupled beneath gently dipping shear zones, did not. Sediment infilling, bathtub-like, of dammed intermontane basins formed flat high plains at each step. The existence of magmatic belts younging northward implies that slabs of Asian mantle subducted one after another under ranges north of the Himalayas. Subduction was oblique and accompanied by extrusion along the left lateral strike-slip faults that slice Tibet's east side. These mechanisms, akin to plate tectonics hidden by thickening crust, with slip-partitioning, account for the dominant growth of the Tibet Plateau toward the east and northeast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tapponnier, P -- Zhiqin, X -- Roger, F -- Meyer, B -- Arnaud, N -- Wittlinger, G -- Jingsui, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1671-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Physique du Globe, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France. tappon@ipgp.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11721044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Identification of the 1H-NMR spectra of complex oligosaccharides with artificial neural networks (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: Artificial networks can be used to identify hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of complex oligosaccharides. Feed-forward neural networks with back-propagation of errors can distinguish between spectra of oligosaccharides that differ by only one glycosyl residue in twenty. The artificial neural networks use features of the strongly overlapping region of the spectra (hump region) as well as features of the resolved regions of the spectra (structural reporter groups) to recognize spectra and efficiently recognized 1H-NMR spectra even when the spectra were perturbed by minor variations in their chemical shifts. Identification of spectra by neural network-based pattern recognition techniques required less than 0.1 second. It is anticipated that artificial neural networks can be used to identify the structures of any complex carbohydrate that has been previously characterized and for which a 1H-NMR spectrum is available.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, B -- Hansen, T -- Nute, D -- Albersheim, P -- Darvill, A -- York, W -- Sellers, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Athens, GA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Artificial Intelligence ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; *Glucans ; Hydrogen ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/*chemistry ; Polysaccharides/*chemistry ; *Xylans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Runcaria, a middle devonian seed plant precursor (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: The emergence of the seed habit in the Middle Paleozoic was a decisive evolutionary breakthrough. Today, seed plants are the most successful plant lineage, with more than 250,000 living species. We have identified a middle Givetian (385 million years ago) seed precursor from Belgium predating the earliest seeds by about 20 million years. Runcaria is a small, radially symmetrical, integumented megasporangium surrounded by a cupule. The megasporangium bears an unopened distal extension protruding above the multilobed integument. This extension is assumed to be involved in anemophilous pollination. Runcaria sheds new light on the sequence of character acquisition leading to the seed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerrienne, P -- Meyer-Berthaud, B -- Fairon-Demaret, M -- Streel, M -- Steemans, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):856-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Geologie, B18, Universite de Liege, Sart Tilman, Liege 1, Belgique. p.gerrienne@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Belgium ; *Biological Evolution ; Fossils ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plant Structures/*anatomy & histology ; Plants/*anatomy & histology/classification ; Pollen ; *Seeds ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Health clues from polar regions (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erren, Thomas C -- Meyer-Rochow, V Benno -- Erren, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Biomedical Research ; *Cold Climate ; *Disease ; *Health ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Molecular and cellular reorganization of neural circuits in the human lineage (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-24
    Description: To better understand the molecular and cellular differences in brain organization between human and nonhuman primates, we performed transcriptome sequencing of 16 regions of adult human, chimpanzee, and macaque brains. Integration with human single-cell transcriptomic data revealed global, regional, and cell-type–specific species expression differences in genes representing distinct functional categories. We validated and further characterized the human specificity of genes enriched in distinct cell types through histological and functional analyses, including rare subpallial-derived interneurons expressing dopamine biosynthesis genes enriched in the human striatum and absent in the nonhuman African ape neocortex. Our integrated analysis of the generated data revealed diverse molecular and cellular features of the phylogenetic reorganization of the human brain across multiple levels, with relevance for brain function and disease.
    Keywords: Neuroscience
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-Free translation of Balbiani ring RNA (75S) ofChironomus tentans salivary glands into high molecular weight products (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 200-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Balbiani ring ; Cell-free translation ; Chironomus messenger RNA ; Secretory proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell-free translation of salivary gland RNA or of purified Balbiani ring RNA (75S) in a reticulocyte lysate system gives rise to high molecular weight translational products (HMTP). In addition to a common size (approx. 1×106 daltons) HMTP share imunogenic determinants with the giant secretory proteins of salivary glands. This suggests that HMTP correspond to in vivo secreted proteins and thus, corroborates the notion that 75S-RNA is the messenger for these proteins. The time course of HMTP synthesis and the lack of appearance of lower molecular weight components as translational products of 75S-RNA indicate that the synthesis of HMTP (and of secretory proteins) occurs in one piece by an uninterrupted process. HMTP are regarded the largest polypeptides so far synthesized in a cell-free system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848691
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity and biomass of soil microorganisms at different depths (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass ; Depth profile ; Fumigation-extraction method ; Soil organic matter ; Dormant population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We measured microbial biomass C and soil organic C in soils from one grassland and two arable sites at depths of between 0 and 90 cm. The microbial biomass C content decreased from a maximum of 1147 (0–10 cm layer) to 24 μg g–1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the grassland site, from 178 (acidic site) and 264 μg g–1 soil (neutral site) at 10–20 cm to values of between 13 and 12 μg g–1 soil (70–90 cm layer) at the two arable sites. No significant depth gradient was observed within the plough layer (0–30 cm depth) for biomass C and soil organic C contents. In general, the microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio decreased with depth from a maximum of between 1.4 and 2.6% to a minimum of between 0.5 and 0.7% at 70–90 cm in the three soils. Over a 24-week incubation period at 25°C, we examined the survival of microbial biomass in our three soils at depths of between 0 and 90 cm without external substrate. At the end of the incubation experiment, the contents of microbial biomass C at 0–30 cm were significantly lower than the initial values. At depths of between 30 and 90 cm, the microbial biomass C content showed no significant decline in any of the four soils and remained constant up to the end of the experiment. On average, 5.8% of soil organic C was mineralized at 0–30 cm in the three soils and 4.8% at 30–90 cm. Generally, the metabolic quotient qCO2 values increased with depth and were especially large at 70–90 cm in depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ergosterol and microbial biomass relationship in soil (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 22 (1996), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial biomass ; Fungal biomass ; Ergosterol ; Fumigation extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ergosterol and microbial biomass C were measured in 26 arable, 16 grassland and 30 forest soils. The ergosterol content ranged from 0.75 to 12.94 μg g-1 soil. The geometric mean ergosterol content of grassland and forest soils was around 5.5 μg g-1, that of the arable soils 2.14 μg g-1. The ergosterol was significantly correlated with biomass C in the entire group of soils, but not in the subgroups of grassland and forest soils. The geometric mean of the ergosterol: microbial biomass C ratio was 6.0 mg g-1, increasing in the order grassland (5.1), arable land (5.4) and woodland (7.2). The ergosterol:microbial biomass C ratio had a strong negative relationship with the decreasing cation exchange capacity and soil pH, indicating that the fungal part of the total microbial biomass in soils increased when the buffer capacity decreased. The average ergosterol concentration calculated from literature data was 5.1 mg g-1 fungal dry weight. Assuming that fungi contain 46% C, the conversion factor from micrograms ergosterol to micrograms fungal biomass C is 90. For soil samples, neither saponification of the extract nor the more effective direct saponification during extraction seems to be really necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334573
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial activity and biomass in mixture treatments of soil and biogenic municipal refuse compost (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrogen fractions ; Amino acids ; Amino sugars ; Microbial respiration ; Household waste ; Domestic garbage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An incubation experiment was performed to determine how the mixing of soil with municipal organic refuse compost affects C mineralization, growth of the microbial biomass, and changes in organic components, especially in the fractions of amino acids and amino sugars. Compost and soil differed in almost every parameter measured, with the organic C content of the compost representing only 10.8% of the dry weight. The fractions of K2SO4-extractable organic C and of non-hydrolyzable C were larger in the compost (1.24 and 62.9% of organic C, respectively) than in the soil (0.56 and 41.6% of organic C). These two fractions increased in proportion to the addition of compost, in contrast to amino sugar and amino acid C which were identified overproportionately in the mixture treatments, especially in the 30% compost treatment. Overproportionate increases in the microbial biomass C content and CO2 evolution rate were also measured in this treatment. The adsorption of compost colloids on the surface of regular soil silicates increased both the availability for microbial enzymes and the detectability for chemical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335817
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