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  • 1
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    Urban climate zone classification using convolutional neural network and ground-level images (2019)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage
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  • 2
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    Nicotine activation of alpha4* receptors: sufficient for reward, tolerance, and sensitization (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-06
    Description: The identity of nicotinic receptor subtypes sufficient to elicit both the acute and chronic effects of nicotine dependence is unknown. We engineered mutant mice with a4 nicotinic subunits containing a single point mutation, Leu9' --〉 Ala9' in the pore-forming M2 domain, rendering a4* receptors hypersensitive to nicotine. Selective activation of a4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with low doses of agonist recapitulates nicotine effects thought to be important in dependence, including reinforcement in response to acute nicotine administration, as well as tolerance and sensitization elicited by chronic nicotine administration. These data indicate that activation of a4* receptors is sufficient for nicotine-induced reward, tolerance, and sensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tapper, Andrew R -- McKinney, Sheri L -- Nashmi, Raad -- Schwarz, Johannes -- Deshpande, Purnima -- Labarca, Cesar -- Whiteaker, Paul -- Marks, Michael J -- Collins, Allan C -- Lester, Henry A -- DA-15663/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-3194/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-49716/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-11756/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 5;306(5698):1029-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15528443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/metabolism ; Animals ; Azocines/metabolism ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; *Drug Tolerance ; Leucine ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nicotine/*pharmacology ; Point Mutation ; Pyridines/metabolism ; Quinolizines/metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics/*physiology ; *Reward ; Serine ; Tobacco Use Disorder/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Urban climate zone classification using convolutional neural network and ground-level images (2019)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, Ahead of Print. 〈br/〉
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage
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  • 4
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    Hypoxic coordinate regulation of mitochondrial enzymes in mammalian cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: The effect of hypoxic exposure on various mitochondrial enzymes and on cell mitochondrial genomic content was studied in two types of mammalian cells. Hypoxia depressed the activity of six enzymes to the same degree. The kinetics of depression and of recovery during reexposure to normoxia were statistically similar for three marker enzymes. Despite the global and symmetrical decrease in enzyme activities, mitochondrial DNA remained constant. This suggests either symmetrical loss of mitochondrial enzymes from all mitochondria or complete loss of enzymes from a subpopulation of mitochondria with retention of an intact mitochondrial genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, B J -- Robin, E D -- Tapper, D P -- Wong, R J -- Clayton, D A -- 5 R01 HL23701-14/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):707-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Anoxia/physiopathology ; Citrate (si)-Synthase/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*enzymology ; Mitochondria, Muscle/*enzymology ; Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases/*metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    An enzymatic system for removing heparin in extracorporeal therapy (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: The need to fully heparinize patients undergoing extracorporeal therapy often leads to hemorrhagic complications. To enable heparinization of only the extracorporeal circuit, a blood filter containing immobilized heparinase was developed. This filter degraded 99 percent of heparin's anticoagulant activity within minutes in both canine and human blood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, R -- Linhardt, R J -- Hoffberg, S -- Larsen, A K -- Cooney, C L -- Tapper, D -- Klein, M -- GM 25810/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):261-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Extracorporeal Circulation ; Flavobacterium/enzymology ; Hemorrhage/prevention & control ; Heparin/*blood ; Heparin Lyase ; Humans ; Polysaccharide-Lyases ; *Renal Dialysis/adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Watering our cities: The capacity for Water Sensitive Urban Design to support urban cooling and improve human thermal comfort in the Australian context (2013)
    Sage
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-31
    Description: Urban drainage infrastructure is generally designed to rapidly export stormwater away from the urban environment to minimize flood risk created by extensive impervious surface cover. This deficit is resolved by importing high-quality potable water for irrigation. However, cities and towns at times face water restrictions in response to drought and water scarcity. This can exacerbate heating and drying, and promote the development of unfavourable urban climates. The combination of excessive heating driven by urban development, low water availability and future climate change impacts could compromise human health and amenity for urban dwellers. This paper draws on existing literature to demonstrate the potential of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) to help improve outdoor human thermal comfort in urban areas and support Climate Sensitive Urban Design (CSUD) objectives within the Australian context. WSUD provides a mechanism for retaining water in the urban landscape through stormwater harvesting and reuse while also reducing urban temperatures through enhanced evapotranspiration and surface cooling. Research suggests that WSUD features are broadly capable of lowering temperatures and improving human thermal comfort, and when integrated with vegetation (especially trees) have potential to meet CSUD objectives. However, the degree of benefit (the intensity of cooling and improvements to human thermal comfort) depends on a multitude of factors including local environmental conditions, the design and placement of the systems, and the nature of the surrounding urban landscape. We suggest that WSUD can provide a source of water across Australian urban environments for landscape irrigation and soil moisture replenishment to maximize the urban climatic benefits of existing vegetation and green spaces. WSUD should be implemented strategically into the urban landscape, targeting areas of high heat exposure, with many distributed WSUD features at regular intervals to promote infiltration and evapotranspiration, and maintain tree health.
    Print ISSN: 0309-1333
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0296
    Topics: Geography
    Published by Sage
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