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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉Three species of 〈span〉Habrostroma〈/span〉 dominate stromatoporoid faunas in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of five areas in North America: New York, Virginia, Maine, Bathurst Island, and Ellesmere Island. In addition, they occur in what could be the upper Silurian (uppermost Pridoli) of Virginia, and possibly New York. Measurements of nine morphologies from 127 specimens of 〈span〉Habrostroma〈/span〉 were subjected to an average linkage cluster analysis. Using average linkage between groups, three distinct clusters were revealed. Group assignments made from the cluster analysis were saved, and entered into a canonical discriminant analysis with the nine morphological variables. An overall Wilks’ lambda was calculated, and is statistically significant at alpha 〈0.001. The hit rate for classifying group 1 is 98%, that for group 2 is 100%, and that for group 3 is 97.9%; the total hit rate is 100%. The morphological variables contributing most to group membership are: (1) percent cystlike microlaminae, (2) microlaminae per mm, (3) gallery height, (4) laminae per mm, and (5) laminar thickness. The statistics confirm that there are three species: 〈span〉H〈/span〉. 〈span〉centrotum〈/span〉, 〈span〉H〈/span〉. 〈span〉microporum〈/span〉, and 〈span〉H〈/span〉. 〈span〉consimile〈/span〉.〈span〉Habrostroma centrotum〈/span〉 occurs in all five areas. This is unusual because Virginia, New York, and Maine are part of the Eastern Americas Realm, and the arctic islands are part of the Old World Realm. Separation of the realms is based on a high percentage of unique genera in each. A breach in the inter-realm barrier is proposed to have existed across the Canadian Shield during the Lochkovian. The nature of the breach is determined to be a shallow-water filter, allowing the passage of a limited number of taxa.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0022-3360
    Electronic ISSN: 1937-2337
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Description: Two new genera of Upper Silurian stromatoporoids in order Actinostromatida are described. Genus Bicolumnostratum Stock, with type species B. micum (Bogoyavlenskaya), is characterized by two kinds of pillars and nonaligned colliculi, and is assigned to family Actinostromatidae. Genus Acosmostroma Stock, with type species A. ataxium Stock new species, contains irregular micropillars and microcolliculi, and is assigned to family Densastromatidae. Two additional new species are Acosmostroma glascoense Stock and A.? cobleskillense Stock. A fourth species is A. tenuissimum (Parks). Bicolumnostratum is known from Ludlow- and Pridoli-age strata, whereas the occurrences of Acosmostroma are strictly Pridoli in age.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3360
    Electronic ISSN: 1937-2337
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-18
    Description: Three species of Habrostroma dominate stromatoporoid faunas in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of five areas in North America: New York, Virginia, Maine, Bathurst Island, and Ellesmere Island. In addition, they occur in what could be the upper Silurian (uppermost Pridoli) of Virginia, and possibly New York. Measurements of nine morphologies from 127 specimens of Habrostroma were subjected to an average linkage cluster analysis. Using average linkage between groups, three distinct clusters were revealed. Group assignments made from the cluster analysis were saved, and entered into a canonical discriminant analysis with the nine morphological variables. An overall Wilks’ lambda was calculated, and is statistically significant at alpha 〈0.001. The hit rate for classifying group 1 is 98%, that for group 2 is 100%, and that for group 3 is 97.9%; the total hit rate is 100%. The morphological variables contributing most to group membership are: (1) percent cystlike microlaminae, (2) microlaminae per mm, (3) gallery height, (4) laminae per mm, and (5) laminar thickness. The statistics confirm that there are three species: H. centrotum, H. microporum, and H. consimile.Habrostroma centrotum occurs in all five areas. This is unusual because Virginia, New York, and Maine are part of the Eastern Americas Realm, and the arctic islands are part of the Old World Realm. Separation of the realms is based on a high percentage of unique genera in each. A breach in the inter-realm barrier is proposed to have existed across the Canadian Shield during the Lochkovian. The nature of the breach is determined to be a shallow-water filter, allowing the passage of a limited number of taxa.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3360
    Electronic ISSN: 1937-2337
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Climate variations have a profound impact on marine ecosystems and the communities that depend upon them. Anticipating ecosystem shifts using global Earth system models (ESMs) could enable communities to adapt to climate fluctuations and contribute to long-term ecosystem resilience. We show that newly developed ESM-based marine biogeochemical predictions can skillfully predict satellite-derived seasonal to multiannual chlorophyll fluctuations in many regions. Prediction skill arises primarily from successfully simulating the chlorophyll response to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and capturing the winter reemergence of subsurface nutrient anomalies in the extratropics, which subsequently affect spring and summer chlorophyll concentrations. Further investigations suggest that interannual fish-catch variations in selected large marine ecosystems can be anticipated from predicted chlorophyll and sea surface temperature anomalies. This result, together with high predictability for other marine-resource–relevant biogeochemical properties (e.g., oxygen, primary production), suggests a role for ESM-based marine biogeochemical predictions in dynamic marine resource management efforts.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase contains a rotary motor involved in biological energy conversion. Its membrane-embedded F0 sector has a rotation generator fueled by the proton-motive force, which provides the energy required for the synthesis of ATP by the F1 domain. An electron density map obtained from crystals of a subcomplex of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase shows a ring of 10 c subunits. Each c subunit forms an alpha-helical hairpin. The interhelical loops of six to seven of the c subunits are in close contact with the gamma and delta subunits of the central stalk. The extensive contact between the c ring and the stalk suggests that they may rotate as an ensemble during catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stock, D -- Leslie, A G -- Walker, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1700-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton-Motive Force ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2000-03-04
    Description: Members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily catalyze the addition of molecular oxygen to nonactivated hydrocarbons at physiological temperature-a reaction that requires high temperature to proceed in the absence of a catalyst. Structures were obtained for three intermediates in the hydroxylation reaction of camphor by P450cam with trapping techniques and cryocrystallography. The structure of the ferrous dioxygen adduct of P450cam was determined with 0.91 angstrom wavelength x-rays; irradiation with 1.5 angstrom x-rays results in breakdown of the dioxygen molecule to an intermediate that would be consistent with an oxyferryl species. The structures show conformational changes in several important residues and reveal a network of bound water molecules that may provide the protons needed for the reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlichting, I -- Berendzen, J -- Chu, K -- Stock, A M -- Maves, S A -- Benson, D E -- Sweet, R M -- Ringe, D -- Petsko, G A -- Sligar, S G -- GM31756/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM33775/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 3;287(5458):1615-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Department of Physical Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. ilme.schlichting@mpi-dortmund.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10698731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Camphor/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Camphor 5-Monooxygenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electrons ; Ferric Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Ferrous Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydroxylation ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protons ; Pseudomonas putida/enzymology ; Water/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, S M -- Hoffmann, A -- Le, D -- Springer, M L -- Stock, P G -- Blau, H M -- F32 HL08991/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA59717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HD18179/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/biosynthesis ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Transplantation ; Fas Ligand Protein ; *Graft Rejection ; Immune Tolerance ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*cytology/metabolism ; Neutrophils/*immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: Lampreys and hagfishes (cyclostomes) traditionally were considered to be a natural (monophyletic) group. Recently, the consensus of opinion, based largely on morphological analyses, has shifted to a view that lampreys are more closely related to jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) than to hagfishes. Phylogenetic comparisons of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences from two hagfishes, two lampreys, a tunicate, a lancelet, and a number of gnathostomes support the monophyly of the cyclostomes. These data force a reassessment of several features of early vertebrate evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stock, D W -- Whitt, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):787-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Ribosomal/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Hagfishes/classification/*genetics ; Lampreys/classification/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; *Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: The probability that a residue in a protein is part of a coiled-coil structure was assessed by comparison of its flanking sequences with sequences of known coiled-coil proteins. This method was used to delineate coiled-coil domains in otherwise globular proteins, such as the leucine zipper domains in transcriptional regulators, and to predict regions of discontinuity within coiled-coil structures, such as the hinge region in myosin. More than 200 proteins that probably have coiled-coil domains were identified in GenBank, including alpha- and beta-tubulins, flagellins, G protein beta subunits, some bacterial transfer RNA synthetases, and members of the heat shock protein (Hsp70) family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupas, A -- Van Dyke, M -- Stock, J -- AI20980/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1162-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2031185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Animals ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Probability ; *Protein Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ter Meulen, Volker -- Stock, Gunter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1455. doi: 10.1126/science.1200095.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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